间充质干细胞及其外泌体修复电离辐射损伤的研究进展

Advances of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in repairing ionizing radiation damage

目前电离辐射在X射线成像、放射治疗和核电等领域应用广泛,但辐射也会对正常组织产生严重的损伤。目前虽有部分药物可用于损伤的治疗,但效果欠佳。间充质干细胞(MSC)具有迁移到病变部位促进损伤组织修复的能力,在多种不同种类电离辐射损伤的治疗中具有巨大的应用前景。MSC外泌体具有和MSC相似的功能,例如修复组织损伤,抑制炎症反应和调节免疫系统等,因此可以替代MSC用来治疗电离辐射损伤。本文将从电离辐射的生物学效应、MSC和外泌体的生物学功能以及其在电离辐射损伤修复的最新研究进展进行综述。

Ionizing radiation is widely used in X-ray imaging,radiotherapy and nuclear power,which would cause serious damage to normal tissue.Although some drugs can be used for the treatment of the injury,the effect is not satisfactory.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)have the ability to migrate to position of disease to promote the repair of damaged tissues,and have great applicational prospects in the treatment of many different types of ionizing radiation injuries.Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes have similar functions to MSC,such as repairing tissue damage,suppressing inflammatory responses and regulating the immune system.Therefore,they can be used to treat ionizing radiation injury instead of MSC.In this paper,the latest research progress on the biological effects of ionizing radiation,the biological functions and the repair of ionizing radiation damage of MSC and exosomes are reviewed.