质谱分子成像的研究进展

Recent progress in mass spectrometry based molecular imaging

质谱分子成像是发展迅速的研究领域,特别是在生命科学和医学领域,生物组织的各类生物小分子、大分子目前已经可以由先进的质谱技术予以成像.这些生物分子和生物体的生理和病理状态有着密切的联系,因此,质谱分子成像是对光学类形态成像的很好补充.目前常用的分子质谱成像技术有三类:近几年发展起来的基质辅助激光解吸电离(matrix assisted laser desorption ionization,MALDI)质谱成像、二次离子质谱(secondary ion MS,SIMS)成像以及解吸电喷雾电离(desorption electrospray ionization,DESI)质谱成像.本文评述了这三种质谱成像的原理、技术及其在科学研究和临床研究中的应用.三种质谱成像的特点可总结为:空间分辨率分别在100,10,0.1~1μm数量级左右;工作介质分别为大气压、真空/低气压、真空;分析对象分别为小分子、肽/蛋白/核酸、小分子或无机元素;应用领域大致为环境/生物医学、生物医学、环境/材料科学.

Imaging mass spectrometry is a rapidly developing research field,especially in the fields of life sciences and medicine.Various types of small and macromolecules in biological tissues can be scanned by imaging mass spectrometry technology.These biomolecules are closely related to the physiological and pathological states of organisms.Therefore,imaging mass spectrometry is a vital supplement to the method of optical morphological imaging.There are three techniques of imaging mass spectrometry:matrix assisted laser desorption ionization(MALDI)mass spectrometry imaging,secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS)imaging,and desorption electrospray ionization(DESI)mass spectrometry imaging.This review illustrated the principles and techniques of these three techniques and their applications in scientific and clinical research.The characteristics of these three types of mass spectrometry imaging can be summarized as follows:the spatial resolutions are separately 100,10,and 0.1–1μm;the working environments are atmospheric pressure,vacuum or low pressure,and vacuum;the analytes are small molecules,peptides or proteins or nucleic acid,small molecule or inorganic element;the application fields are environment,biomedicine,and material science.