瓦斯煤尘爆炸抑隔爆技术研究进展

Research Progress of Explosion Suppression and Isolation Technology of Gas and Coal Dust

从基础研究、被动式隔爆技术、主动式抑隔爆技术和发展趋势等几个方面对我国瓦斯煤尘爆炸抑隔爆技术进行了综述和讨论。利用大型试验巷道、各种直径的试验管道对瓦斯煤尘爆炸火焰和冲击波的传播规律进行了实验研究,为抑隔爆技术的研发提供理论依据;研发了主动式抑隔爆技术及装备,可以对爆炸信号超前探测,主动喷洒抑爆剂,隔绝并熄灭火焰;研发了岩粉棚、水槽棚和水袋棚等被动式隔爆技术及装备,在我国煤矿井下得到推广应用;进一步研发了密封式水袋、自动注水装置,解决了水易蒸发、易污染的问题;研发了机械式隔爆装置,完善了被动式隔爆技术及装备体系。瓦斯煤尘爆炸抑隔爆技术应适应煤矿智能化、无人化的发展趋势,通过智能化手段实现分级启动和联动控制,形成区域联控技术,实现瓦斯(煤尘)爆炸灾害的有效控制。

In this paper,the research progress and development trend of gas and coal dust explosion suppression and isolation technology in China are reviewed and discussed from the aspects of basic research,passive explosion suppression and isolation technology,active explosion suppression and isolation technology and development trend.Large-scale test tunnels and test pipes of various diameters are used to conduct experimental research on the propagation law of gas and coal dust explosion flame and shock wave,which provides a theoretical basis for the development of explosion suppression and isolation technology.The active explosion suppression and isolation technology and equipment are developed to detect the explosion signal in advance,spray the explosive inhibitor actively,isolate and extinguish the flame.The passive explosion isolation technology and equipment,such as rock powder shed,water tank shed and water bag shed,have been popularized and applied in underground coal mines in China.The sealed water bag and automatic water injection device are further developed to solve the problems of easy evaporation and pollution of water.The mechanical explosion isolation device has been developed and the passive explosion isolation technology and equipment system have been improved.The technology of gas coal dust explosion suppression and flameproof adapts to the development trend of intelligent and unmanned coal mines.It realizes hierarchical start-up and linkage control through intelligent means to form a regional joint control technology to achieve effective control of gas(coal dust)explosion disasters.