非编码RNA与骨骼肌发育研究进展

Research Progress on Non-coding RNA and Skeletal Muscle Development

骨骼肌作为脊椎动物机体的重要组织,其胚胎期发育起始于生皮肌节的肌源性祖细胞增殖、分化成的成肌细胞,进一步发育形成肌管,最终形成肌纤维。整个发育过程受到复杂严密的调控,任何调控异常都可能影响骨骼肌正常的发育过程。近年来研究表明,除了生肌调控因子、肌细胞增强因子、配对盒因子外,非编码RNA包括微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)和环形RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)都可作为重要的调节因子广泛参与调控骨骼肌发育过程。其中miRNA主要作用于靶mRNA,通过诱发靶mRNA的去稳定性和/或抑制翻译,在转录后水平调控相关基因表达;lncRNA长度较长,具有高级结构,可以在转录前和转录后水平,通过多种作用方式调控相关基因表达;circRNA主要作为miRNA“海绵”,竞争性结合miRNA,进而参与骨骼肌发育调控网络。作者将从骨骼肌发育、miRNA作用机制、miRNA与骨骼肌发育、lncRNA作用机制、lncRNA与骨骼肌发育、circRNA作用机制、circRNA与骨骼肌发育7个方面进行综述,以期为研究非编码RNA调控骨骼肌发育提供参考。

Skeletal muscle is an important tissue of the vertebrate body,its embryonic development starts from the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic progenitor cells of the dermomyotome into myoblasts,and further develops to form myotubes and eventually form muscle fibers.The entire development process is subject to complex and tight regulation,any abnormal regulation may affect the normal development process of skeletal muscle.In recent years,studies have shown that,in addition to myogenic regulator factors,myocyte enhancer factors and paired box proteins,non-coding RNA includes microRNA(miRNA),long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)and circular RNA(circRNA)can be widely used as important regulators to participate in the regulation of skeletal muscle development.miRNA mainly acts on target mRNA,and regulates the expression of related genes at the post-transcription level by inducing the destabilization of target mRNA and/or inhibiting translation.lncRNA has long length and advanced structure,which can regulate the expression of related genes in both pre-transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels through a variety of action modes.circRNA is mainly used as a miRNAs ponge,competitively binds to miRNA,and participates in the regulatory network of skeletal muscle development.The author summarized the seven aspects of skeletal muscle development,miRNA mechanism,miRNA and skeletal muscle development,lncRNA mechanism,lncRNA and skeletal muscle development,circRNA mechanism and circRNA and skeletal muscle development,in order to provide reference for studying the regulation of non-coding RNA in skeletal muscle development.