1949年前浙江传统民俗生活中的信仰文化略记

A Brief Account of the Culture in the Traditional Folk Belief in Zhejiang Before 1949

1949年前,浙江传统民俗生活内容较为丰富,渗透着浓郁宗教信仰文化,显现有神灵仙怪身影。那些神灵仙怪分别隶属于佛教、道教以及民间宗教的神灵谱系,身份复杂、历史悠久。驱鬼避邪仪式折射出该地区传统民众对于生命平安、宁静祥和状态的追求。从那些纳吉迎福仪式,可以洞察该地区民众对于圆满、丰足生活的具体设想与期待。此外,那些占卜活动在该地区民众生活中曾是一种普遍、广泛的存在。总体来说,诸多宗教信仰文化曾深入浙江地区民众的生活,并对他们的精神世界产生过持续、深刻的影响。文章略记1949年前浙江传统民俗生活中的仙踪神影、避邪驱鬼仪式、纳吉迎福仪式、占卜活动,为进一步研究浙江地方民俗文化提供参考。对文中所记录的传统民俗,期望后来的研究者取其精华,去其糟粕。

Zhejiang’s traditional folk customs before 1949 was extremely diversified in content,and it infiltrated with intense religious belief,in which gods,immortals,wizards and sorcerers were very active.Those gods,immortals,wizards and sorcerers belonged to the genealogy of Buddhism,Taoism and folk religions,and had complex identities and a long history.The rituals of exorcising ghosts and avoiding evil spirits in Zhejiang reflected the people’s traditional pursuit of safety,peace and harmony in life.The ceremonies of receiving blessings and good luck showed clearly the specific assumptions and expectations of Zhejiang people for a happy and satisfactory life.In addition,divination activities were a universal and extensive existence in people’s life in this area.In a word,various religions went deep into peoples life in Zhejiang,and had a far-reaching effect on their spiritual world.This paper gives a brief account of the traditional folk life in Zhejiang before 1949,such as the fairy shadows,the ceremonies of avoiding evil spirits and welcoming blessings,and the divination activities.The purpose of the study is to provide reference for further study of local folk culture in Zhejiang,hoping that for the traditional folk customs recorded in this paper,the later researchers take the essence and discard the dross.