21世纪以来的法国反恐政策研究:观念、体系、举措与效果

French Anti-terrorism Policy since the 21st Century:Concept,System,Measures and Effect

"9·11"事件以来,面对日益复杂的恐怖主义威胁,法国加快了反恐的步伐。在《国内安全反恐白皮书》的基础上,法国政府在预防、打击和应对恐怖主义方面出台了多项反恐政策,并通过改革国家安全机构、重组反恐情报系统、完善相应法律法规、给予相关部门更大权力等方式提高法国反恐机构的工作效率。事实证明,法国政府出台的一系列反恐政策比较有效。根据全球恐怖主义数据库的数据显示,在21世纪的第一个十年间,发生在法国的恐怖主义活动数量总体保持在较低水平,较20世纪90年代有非常明显的下降。但进入21世纪第二个十年,法国本土连续发生的几起具有世界影响的恐怖袭击事件,暴露出了法国反恐面临的困境。导致这些困境的原因,除了网络恐怖主义的蔓延,还有法国经济不景气导致反恐经费缩水,由此带来法国反恐部门人员资金和信息技术手段的缺乏。此外,法国长期实行的共和式移民政策、长期的反恐警戒带来的反恐心理疲劳也是造成法国反恐困境的重要原因。这些都不是短期内能够解决的问题,也意味着法国的反恐之路依然任重道远。

Since 9/11,France facing increasing terrorist threats,has been accelerating its counterterrorism.On the basis of the White Paper on Domestic Security in the Face of Terrorism,France has taken measures in preventing,combating and responding to terrorist attacks.To improve the efficiency of counterterrorism agencies,the French government reformed national security agencies,reorganized counterterrorism intelligence systems,perfected relevant laws and regulations and granted relevant departments more power.French counterterrorism policies were proved to be effective.The data from the Global Terrorism Database show that the number of terrorist attacks in France has generally remained at a low level during the first decade of the 21 st century,a significant drop compared with that in the 1990 s.In the second decade of the 21 st century,however,several consecutive terrorist attacks in France indicated that French counterterrorism policies are in a predicament.This may be explained by international terrorism spreading,French economic downturn,lack of funds and information technology in French counterterrorism units,the long-standing"Republican"immigration policy and anti-terrorism mental fatigue.Nevertheless,it is a long way to go for counterterrorism in France since these problems cannot be solved in a short term.