百合道地药材的历史沿革与品质评价研究

Research on Historical Evolution and Quality Evaluation of Dao-di Herbs of Lilii Bulbus

通过考证有关百合的历代本草文献,查证其物候、形态、分布、栽培与市场流通情况,分析了百合的品种沿革、产地沿革以及传统质量评价方法;认为本草中优质的白花百合为野百合Lilium brownii及百合L.brownii var.viridulum,并进一步梳理了近代百合的基原植物学名变化过程,考证了产于湖南邵阳“形长味甘”的道地药材龙牙百合形成过程;推断清代开始出现栽培百合,卷丹因其广泛的适种性,渐成为百合商品的主流品种;本草记载中百合的性味功效变化,本质是百合的基原变化在临床上的总结。

In this paper,we investigated the variety evolution,origin change,traditional quality evaluation and scientific name of the original plant of Dao-di herbs,Lilii Bulbus,via analyzing its literature,habitat,morphology,distribution,cultivation and market circulation,etc.In most Chinese materia medica records,the high-quality″white flower lily″,the best species of Lilii Bulbus for medication with its shape and sweet flavor,derived from Lilium brownii and the botanical variety L.brownii var.viridulum.Longya Lilium from Shaoyang County,Hunan province has gradually become the most famous Dao-di herbs of Lilii Bulbus.Lilii Bulbus has been cultivated since the Qing Dynasty,and L.lancifolium has tardily become a mainstream commodity because of its widespread suitability.The changes of the property and efficacy of Lilii Bulbus in herbal records matched well with that of its original plant combined with the clinical summary.