补光方式对设施越冬番茄生长发育的影响

Effects of Supplemental-Lighting Ways on Growth,Development of Overwintering Tomatoes in Facilities

我国长江中下游地区设施越冬番茄生长容易遭受低温弱光逆境,通过补光解决该地区设施越冬番茄的生产,缓解当地番茄市场供应具有重要意义。本研究于2018—2019年于苏州市纽克斯电源技术股份有限公司智慧农场进行,以无限生长型设施番茄栽培种“Provence”为试验材料,设置顶部HPS(H)、顶部LED(L)、顶部HPS+株间LED补光灯(HL)、顶部LED+株间LED补光灯(LL)4个补光处理和1个空白对照组CK,单因素完全随机设计,对比分析设施越冬番茄在不同补光条件下番茄产量、植株形态、结果期叶片光合能力、果实品质等指标的变化。结果表明:番茄“Provence”补光处理组的单株产量明显高于CK,LL单株产量最高,对比CK,LL、HL、L、H产量上升幅度为69.23%、58.24%、49.45%、27.47%,补光处理LL结果期番茄叶片净光合速率、光能利用率高于其他试验组(含CK),其他试验组与CK之间无显著性差异。补光处理组L和LL的可滴定酸和可溶性糖对比CK明显增高,其中补光处理LL两次番茄可溶性固形物、VC含量对比CK明显增高,平均增幅为35.25%、253.35%,而补光处理H和HL变化不明显,补光处理对果实可溶性蛋白提升无显著影响。结论:四种补光方式均能显著提高番茄“Provence”产量,提升幅度为:顶部LED+株间LED(LL)>顶部HPS+株间LED(HL)≈顶部LED(L)>顶部HPS(H)。补光处理LL在番茄坐果期明显提升叶片的光合能力是番茄补光增产因子之一,并且番茄果实的可滴定酸、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和VC含量提升幅度显著。

The growth of overwintering tomatoes in facilities in the middle-and-downriver of Yangtze River of China are exposed to low temperature and weak light.It is of great significance to solve the growth of overwintering tomatoes in facilities in this area through supplemental lighting and relieve the tomato supply in the local tomato market.This research was carried out in the smart farm of LUMLUX Co.,Ltd.in 2018-2019.“Provence”,an infinitely growing tomato,was used as the test material.4 treatments such as the top HPS(H),the top LED(L),the top HPS+inter-canopy LED(HL),the top LED+inter-canopy LED and 1control group(CK)are designed,which was a one-fator completely random design.The overwintering tomato of different treatments is compared in tomato yield,plant morphology,leaf photosynthetic capacity,fruit quality and other indicators under light conditions.The yield per plant of“Provence”treatment group was significantly higher than that of CK,and the yield per plant of LL was the highest.Compared with CK,the yield increase of LL,HL,L,H was 69.23%,58.24%,49.45%,27.47%.There was a significant difference in the Pn and LUE of tomato leaves in the treatment LL,LL is bigger than other test groups(including CK),and there was no significant difference between the other test groups and CK.Compared with CK,the titratable acid and soluble sugar of L and LL in the treatments were significantly higher than that of CK.The changes of H and HL were not obvious,and the treatments had no significant effect on the fruit soluble protein.The four methods can significantly increase the yield of tomato“Provence”,top LED+inter-canopy LED(LL)>top HPS+inter-canopy LED(HL)≈top LED(L)>top HPS(H).LL significantly increased the photosyntheticcapacity of the leaves during the fruit setting stage of tomato.It is one of the factors that tomato supplemental-lighting leads to increased production,and the content of titratable acid,soluble sugar,soluble solids and VC in tomato fruit increased significantly.