酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗斑秃的研究进展

The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of alopecia areata

斑秃(alopecia areata,AA)是一种以针对自身毛囊炎症反应导致非瘢痕性脱发。Janus酪氨酸激酶(Janus kinase,JAK)-信号转导及转录激活因子(signal transducer and activator of transcription,STAT)途径是一种细胞内信号传导通路,是多种细胞因子进行细胞膜到细胞核信号传导的重要途径,细胞因子通过此途径进入细胞核,影响DNA的转录表达。JAK受到抑制后,使得T淋巴细胞介导的炎症反应也同样受到抑制,继而影响一系列炎症及免疫反应。越来越多的研究表明JAK抑制剂对自身免疫疾病的治疗是有效的,因此抑制此通路已成为斑秃治疗热点之一。该文主要对斑秃的病理生理,JAK/STAT通路及JAK抑制剂对斑秃治疗的研究进展进行综述。

Alopecia areata(alopecia areata, AA) is a kind of non-scar alopecia caused by inflammation of hair follicles. Janus kinase(JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT) pathway is an intracellular signal transduction pathway, which is an important signaling for many cytokines to carry out membrane-to-nuclear signal transduction, through which cytokines could affect the expression of DNA. The inflammatory response mediated by T cells is also inhibited, which in turn affects a series of inflammation and immune responses. More and more studies have shown that JAK inhibitor is effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, so inhibiting this pathway has become a hot spot in the treatment of alopecia areata. In this review, we summarize and discuss the pathophysiology of alopecia areata, JAK/STAT pathway and JAK inhibitor in the treatment of alopecia areata.