管办评分离背景下高等教育第三方评估的价值意蕴、实践困境及突破路径

Value implication,practical predicament and breakthrough paths of the third-party assessment of higher education based on the separation of supervision,enforcement and evaluation

管办评分离是加快实现教育治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求。发展第三方评估是高等教育治理现代化的重要向度和利益分化格局下保证社会公平的逻辑要求,也是高等教育评估走向专业化的必然途径。政府本位的治理逻辑与服务者角色的矛盾,高等教育评估对政府的资源依赖,第三方评估的文化认同和机制缺失是第三方评估发展面临的主要困境。我国要统筹考虑宏观层面的制度环境创设、中观层面的条件保障优化及微观层面的具体制度安排,遵从国家、学校、社会组织的整体制度变革逻辑,自上而下形塑高等教育第三方评估的制度框架:国家要加快推进高等教育第三方评估的法治化进程,明确高等教育评估相关主体的法律责任;政府要加快职能转型,推动权力"放得下""接得住""用得好";高校要推进内部治理变革,积极引入第三方评估并切实发挥其功能;第三方评估机构要加强自身能力建设,提升高等教育第三方评估效能。

The separation of supervision,enforcement and evaluation is the inevitable requirement of accelerating modernization of the educational governance system and governance capacity.The development of third-party assessment is an important orientation of higher education governance modernization and a logical requirement of ensuring social justice under the pattern of interest differentiation.It is also an inevitable way for higher education assessment to become specialized.The contradiction between the government-oriented governance logic and the role of the server,the resource dependence of higher education assessment on the government,and the lack of cultural identity and mechanism of third-party assessment are the main difficulties in third-party assessment development.We should consider the establishment of the system environment at the macro level,the optimization of the condition guarantee at the middle level and the specific system arrangement at the micro level,follow the logic of the whole system reform of the country,school and social organization,and shape the institutional framework of the third-party assessment of higher education from top to bottom.The state should speed up the legalization process of the third-party assessment of higher education,and clarify relevant subjects′legal responsibilities of higher education assessment.The government should speed up the transformation of its functions to ensure that the power is "affordable", "sustainable" and " well used".Colleges and universities should promote internal governance reform,actively introduce third-party evaluation and give full play to its functions.Thirdparty evaluation institutions should strengthen their own capacity building and enhance the effectiveness of third-party evaluation in higher education.