政府购买城市公交服务政策比较分析

A Contrastive Analysis of the Government’s Purchase of Urban Public Transport Service Policies

政府购买服务政策是借助社会力量和市场机制以实现政府职能的政策,是城市公共交通运营企业正常经营的重要制度保障。本文对杭州、青岛、兰州、天津等地现行的政府购买城市公共交通服务政策体系进行了研究,重点分析成本规制、服务质量考核等政策的目的、内容与意义,并比较分析不同政策模式的侧重点和适用对象,梳理我国城市公共交通领域政府购买服务政策的体系结构与逻辑关系。研究指出政策的制定和执行要遵循利益平衡、因地制宜、可持续的原则,为各城市根据自身情况制定和执行政策、解决公交运营企业公益性定位和市场化经营之间的矛盾提供参考。

The government purchase service policy is a policy to realize the government function with the help of social forces and market mechanism, and it is an important system guarantee for the normal operation of urban public transport operation enterprises. This paper studies the current policy system of government purchase of urban public transport services in Hangzhou, Qingdao, Lanzhou, Tianjin and other places. It focuses on the purpose, content and significance of cost regulation, service quality assessment and other policies, compares and analyzes the focus points and applicable objects of different policy models, and combs the architecture and logical relationship of government purchase of service policies in the field of urban public transport in China. This paper points out that the formulation and implementation of policies should follow the principles of interest balance, adaptation to local conditions and sustainability, so as to provide a reference for each city to formulate and implement policies according to its own situation and solve the contradiction between public welfare positioning and market-oriented operation of public transport operation enterprises.