长江流域春季设施栽培东方泽泻和川泽泻花薹的产量与品质

Yield and Quality of Alisma orientale and Alisma plantago-aquatica Flower Stalks in Spring Facility Cultivation in the Yangtze River Basin

为丰富长江流域地区蔬菜种类和改善新型特色保健蔬菜的供给结构提供参考,扬州大学对东方泽泻和川泽泻2个水生蔬菜品种进行引种栽培试验,探究泽泻在长江流域的生长表现及其种植可行性。结果表明:2个泽泻品种在江苏扬州地区大棚内春季4月播种,5月浅水种植,6月开始抽生花薹,并表现为高温条件下花薹抽生快而多,前期抽生的花薹商品性较好,后期因花薹数过多而纤细;东方泽泻不同批次采收的花薹茎长和茎粗均显著高于川泽泻;适宜密度(7210株/667m^2)条件下,花薹最高总产量东方泽泻可达677.57kg/667m^2,川泽泻为554.98kg/667m^2;泽泻花薹的黄酮、总酚、DPPH抗氧化性等指标均较高,推测泽泻属于对日照长度不敏感的营养型植物,长江流域可在设施条件下进行周年生产,东方泽泻产量及商品性优于川泽泻。

In order to provide a reference for enriching the types of vegetables in the Yangtze River Basin and improving the supply structure of new and characteristic health-care vegetables,Yangzhou University conducted introduction and cultivation experiments on two aquatic vegetable varieties,Alisma orientale and Alisma plantago-aquatica,to explore the growth performance of Alisma in the Yangtze River Basin and its planting feasibility.Results:The two Alismaspecies were sown in the greenhouse in Yangzhou,Jiangsu in April,transplanted in shallow water in May,and bolted in June.The flowers bolted fast and abundant in high temperature conditions in early stage,the stalks have good commercial properties and become slender due to the excessive number of stalks in the later stage;The stem length and stem thickness of the stalks collected in different batches of A.orientale were significantly higher than those of A.plantago-aquatica;Under the condition of suitable density(7210 plants/667 m^2),the highest total yield of stalks of A.orientale reached 677.57 kg/667 m^2,and that of A.plantago-aquatica was 554.98 kg/667 m^2.The flavonoids,total phenols,and DPPH antioxidant properties of Alisma were high.For sunshine length-insensitive vegetative plants,annual production in the Yangtze River Basin could be carried out under facility conditions,and A.orientale is better than A.plantago-aquatica in production and commercialization.