人参种质资源及育种研究进展

Research Progress on Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Panax ginseng

人参种植历史悠久,近年来随着市场需求增大,野生人参遭到过度开采,加之对其生境破坏,其种质资源数量锐减,人工栽培人参的品质下降及品种混杂等问题日益突出;而种质资源是新品种选育及改良的材料来源,是提高人参药材产质量及其产业化发展的基础。为合理、有效开发利用人参种质资源,促进人参产业可持续发展提供理论参考,从资源的分类、分布、遗传多样性和保育,及新品种选育等方面综述国内外人参种质资源及育种相关研究进展;指出人参品种选育方法仅局限于传统的集团选育和系统选育,育种效率低,且野生资源的保育力度较低等问题;提出应借助复杂的"泛组学"研究技术及先进的基因组编辑技术等大力开展分子育种研究,以弥补当前育种方法的不足,并提高种质资源利用和新品种选育效率;且应加大野生人参种质的保育执行力度。

There is a long history for cultivating Panax ginseng.With the increase of market demand in recent years,wild P.ginsengsuffered from excessive exploitation and habitat destruction,resulting in the decreasing of germplasm resources quantity sharply,and the problems of quality decline and variety mixture of artificial P.ginsengare becoming increasingly acute.However,the germplasm resource is the material source for breeding and improvement of new varieties,and is the basis for improving yield and quality and industrial development of P.ginseng medicinal material.In order to rationally and effectively develop and utilize P.ginseng germplasm resources,and to provide the theoretical reference for sustainable development of P.ginsengindustry,the relative research progress on P.ginsenggermplasm resources and breeding at home and abroad is reviewed from aspects of resources classification,distribution,genetic diversity and conservation,and new varieties’breeding.The breeding method of P.ginsengis limited to conventional group breeding and systematic breeding,which is low breeding efficiency and low wild resource conservation.The molecular breeding research should be carried out vigorously with the help of complex panomics research technology and advanced genome editing technology to make up the disadvantages of the present breeding methods and improve the utilization of germplasm resource and breeding efficiency of new varieties,the conservation for wild P.ginseng germplasm should be strengthened as well.