历史逻辑的考察与实事求是——基于农民首创大包干讨论的考察

Examining Historical Logic and Seeking Truth from Facts

小岗村农民首创大包干激活了农村,其历史贡献不可磨灭。对小岗村农民首创大包干的讨论中,存在对实行大包干历史贡献与局限性的偏废、脱离当时历史场景和历史逻辑认识小岗村农民首创大包干表现出的自利性动机等现象。小岗村农民首创大包干表现出的自利性动机,缘于改革开放前农业部门剩余向工业部门转移的政策、农业生产的复杂性导致集体行动中按劳分配体现不充分的缺陷而导致农民"搭便车",是农民在完善国家、集体、农民利益关系框架下对物质利益的争取,与党的十一届三中全会确立的保障农民物质利益以调动他们积极性的政策取向一致。改革开放四十多年来对小岗村农民首创大包干讨论的偏废现象,反映出考察并呈现真实的历史场景和历史逻辑对于做到实事求是具有重要意义。

Dabaogan initiated by peasants in Xiaogang Village activated the countryside and has made great historical contributions.In the discussions concerning the behaviors of villagers in Xiaogang Village,there exist such phenomena as emphasizing one thing at the expense of another when it comes to the historical contributions and limitations of carrying out the Dabaogan and understanding the selfish motivation when villagers carried out the Dabaogan without considering the historical context and historical logic.The selfish motivation was resulted from the policy which allowed the agricultural remains to transfer to industry and the complexity of agricultural production led to the defects of insufficiency in distrution on the basis of labor in the collective action,which gave the persants the chance to bebefit,was the peasants'struggle for physical interests under the framework of improving the interest relations among the state,collective community and the peasants and was consistent with the policy proposed in the third session of the 11 th National Congress of the CPC,which advocates safeguarding peasants'physical interests so as to arouse their active participation.The phenomenon of emphasing one thing at the expense of another in the discussion of Dabaogan initiated by villagers in Xiaogang Village shows that it is of great significance to examine and consider actual historical context and logic in order to seek truth from the facts.