人格权保护——美国堕胎问题的启示

Protection of Personality Right: Enlightenment from American Abortion

对堕胎的态度受一国政治、经济、宗教等多种因素影响,美国国内对堕胎问题的见解一直存在分歧,并愈演愈烈,但“罗伊案”确立的女性生育权的宪法地位一直未被推翻。为了在保护女性权益和胎儿利益上寻找一个平衡点,美国对怀孕周期进行阶段划分,对女性堕胎进行不同程度的限制。在我国女性享有自由堕胎的权利,但女性生育权未得到真正确立,同时胎儿的利益保护也存在缺失。结合本国国情,借鉴美国的立法经验,在立法、观念上改变我国对堕胎问题的看法,完善我国关于堕胎的相关法律,切实保护堕胎背后的女性生育权和胎儿的利益。

The attitude towards abortion is influenced by a country's political,economic,religious and other factors.The domestic views on abortion have been divided and intensified,but the constitutional status of female reproductive rights established in the Roy case has not been overthrown.In order to find a balance between protecting female's rights and the interests of the fetus,the United States divides the cycle of pregnancy and imposes different restrictions on female abortion.China has a laissez-faire attitude towards abortion,and women have the right to free abortion.However,female's reproductive rights have not been truly established,and the protection of the interests of the fetus is also lacking.Combining with the national conditions of the country,drawing on the legislative experience of the United States,this paper proposes suggestions such as changing the laissez-faire of abortion in China in legislation and concept,improving the relevant laws on abortion in China,and effectively protecting the female reproductive rights and the interests of the fetus behind abortion.