乡村多功能发展与治理:乡村振兴的一个理论视角

Multifunctional Rural Development and Governance:A Theoretical Perspective of Rural Vitalization

20世纪后期,在现实危机与理论转型的双重推动下,西方发达国家在历经生产主义和后生产主义范式后,在农业多功能概念基础上提出乡村多功能概念和理论,乡村多功能理论成为西方国家乡村发展的新范式。OECD框架、政策实践与地理空间领域从不同视角对乡村多功能进行理解和阐释,最终形成了几点共识,即乡村价值具有丰富性、乡村主体具有多样性与乡村发展具有灵活性,并因此导向乡村治理的主体多元与合作行动。我国乡村振兴战略可以从乡村多功能理论汲取有益的借鉴和启示:第一,乡村振兴应遵循经济价值、社会价值与生态价值的有机统一;第二,乡村振兴可以通过共建共治共享的方式实现多主体联动;第三,不同乡村可在多种发展方式中做出灵活选择。

In the late 20th century,under the dual impetus of the realistic crisis and the theoretical transformation,the concept of rural multifunction developed on the basis of agricultural multi-function and became a new paradigm of rural development in western countries.OECD framework,policy practice and geographic space explain the concept of rural multifunction from the perspective of economics,policy science and geography,forming different understandings of rural multifunction.Although there are different emphases in using the concept of rural multifunction from different perspectives,they all recognize the richness of rural values,the diversity of rural subjects and the flexibility of rural development,and lead to the diversification and cooperation of rural governance.China’s rural vitalization strategy in the implementation of the rural multifunction theory can draw useful reference and inspiration.First,rural vitalization should follow the organic unity of economic value,social value and ecological value.Second,rural vitalization can achieve multi-agent linkage through co-construction,co-governance and co-share.Third,different rural areas can make flexible choices among various development modes.