液滴微流控技术制备功能型微球的研究进展

Research progress on functional microsphere preparation by droplet microfluidic technology

近年来,微流控技术(microfluidics)发展迅猛,在微通道条件下能够对微米级流体实现融合和剪切等精确控制,且与药学、生命科学等学科相互交叉,在微球制备过程中通过改造微球结构和添加功能性材料,使得制备的聚合物颗粒在化学分析、重金属吸附和检测等领域有着相当广泛的应用。相对于传统的微球制备方法,液滴微流控技术不仅可以构建多种形态的微球,还能提供优秀的模板,丰富和扩展了微球的应用领域。文章系统介绍了利用液滴微流控技术制备颗粒的装置和基本原理,讨论了制备核壳型、多孔型、各向异性功能型微球的方法和成果以及传统微球制备方法的弊端。

Microfluidic technology develops rapidly and can precisely control fusion and shearing of micron-scale fluids within microchannels.It can be applied in different disciplines such as pharmacy and life science.By introducing functional materials in preparation processes,the prepared polymer particles have a wide range of applications in chemical analysis and heavy metal adsorption/detection.Compared with traditional microsphere preparation methods,droplet microfluidic technology can form microspheres with various forms,such as core-shell,porous and anisotropic particles,and it also provides excellent templates to expand the application of microspheres.In this review,the device and basic principle of preparing particles using droplet microfluidic technology,as well as methods and results of preparing three different types of functional microspheres were introduced.Meanwhile,the disadvantages of traditional microsphere-making methods were discussed.