城市房租、工资与人力资本外部性的研究

Research on Rent,Wage and Human Capital Externality in Cities

人力资本的外部性可以通过生产和消费过程产生。城市人力资本的总体水平可以影响企业和工人在市场上的最大化利益决策。由于人力资本外部性的存在,人力资本的总体水平会影响到工人的工资以及土地要素的价格。修正处理了基于文献的理论模型,然后通过实证分析进一步验证。通过理论模型得出城市平均人力资本对土地要素价格的影响为正;城市平均人力资本对土地要素价格的影响要大于对工资的影响。使用中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据的实证分析发现,我国城市的平均教育年限每提高1年,租金会上升30%左右,而工人的工资会上升3%左右,表明生产的外部性要更大。根据本文的研究结论,政府应该发挥在教育投入方面的主体作用,合理配置教育资源,顺应经济发展规律,不断提升政府治理能力,制定更适合城市经济发展的人口政策,促进人口流动,增加劳动者互相学习的机会。

The externality of human capital can be generated through the production and consumption process.Cities’overall human capital can influence the decision-making for interests maximization of enterprises and workers in the market.Due to human capital externality,the overall human capital would affect the wages of workers and the price of lands.This paper revises the theoretical model based on the literature and then further validates it through the empirical analysis.The theoretical model analysis shows that the city average human capital has a positive effect on the land price,and the city average human capital level has a greater impact on the price of land than on the wage.Using the CHNS data,the empirical analysis finds that with 1 year increase of the city average education period,the rent rises about 30%and workers’wages rise about 3%,which indicates that the production externality is greater.Based on the research,the governments should play the main role in education investment,allocate education resources rationally,conform to the law of economic development,continuously improve the governance ability and formulate suitable population policy so as to promote population mobility and increase opportunities for workers to learn from each other.