2种农药对克氏原螯虾和中华绒螯蟹的毒性评价

Toxicity and Safety Evaluation of Two Pesticides against Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii and Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis

采用半静态水生生物急性毒性实验法,研究常温下吡虫啉、辛硫磷对克氏原螯虾和中华绒螯蟹的急性毒性。试验结果显示,吡虫啉对克氏原螯虾的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为35.949、26.193、12.320、3.547 mg/L,安全质量浓度0.354 mg/L;辛硫磷对克氏原螯虾的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为0.018、0.013、0.012、0.010 mg/L,安全质量浓度0.001 mg/L。吡虫啉对中华绒螯蟹的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为432.252、280.366、211.901、171.831 mg/L,安全质量浓度17.183 mg/L;辛硫磷对中华绒螯蟹的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为3.051、2.326、1.817、1.294 mg/L,安全质量浓度0.129 mg/L。结合国家标准和本试验数据可以看出,吡虫啉对克氏原螯虾属于中毒、低中等风险等级,辛硫磷对克氏原螯虾属于剧毒、极高风险等级;吡虫啉对中华绒螯蟹属于低毒、低风险等级,辛硫磷对中华绒螯蟹属于中毒、中等风险等级。

The acute toxicity of imidacloprid and phoxim to red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii and Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis at room temperature was studied by using the semi-static aquatic organism acute toxicity test method.The results showed that the LC50 of imidacloprid against red swamp crayfish at 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h was 35.949 mg/L,26.193 mg/L,12.320 mg/L and 3.547 mg/L,respectively,with the safe concentration of 0.354 mg/L.The LC50 of phoxim in 24 h,48h,72 h and 96 h of red swamp crayfish was 0.018 mg/L,0.013 mg/L,0.012 mg/L and 0.010 mg/L,respectively,with safe concentration of 0.001 mg/L.The LC50 of imidacloprid against Chinese mitten crab at 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h were 432.252 mg/L,280.366 mg/L,211.01 mg/L,and 171.831 mg/L,respectively,with the safe concentration of 17.183 mg/L.The LC50 of phoxim in 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h of Chinese mitten crab were 3.051 mg/L,2.326 mg/L,1.817 mg/L and 1.294 mg/L,respectively,with the safe concentration of 0.129 mg/L.Combined with national standards and the experimental data,it can be seen that imidacloprid is a poisonous,low and medium risk grade for red swamp crayfish,and phoxim is highly toxic and extremely high risk grade for red swamp crayfish;that imidacloprid is low-risk grade for Chinese mitten crab,phoxim is a poisoned,medium-risk grade for Chinese mitten crab.