从近现代大学组织特点看科教融合体系建设之逻辑

The Logic of Constructing the Research and Education Integration System from the Perspective of Organizational Characteristics of Modern Universities

在世界一流大学,"科教融合"既是有效的教学模式也是学科建设和社会服务的主要途径。本文以"学术活动、学术信念和学术权力"为分析框架,对一流大学的科教融合体系进行分析。研究发现,教育—科研—社会服务融合共生的生态是世界一流大学学术活动的特点。这样的学术活动是建立在不断实践、不断创新的知识观传统上的自觉行动,而由这样的知识观所决定的学科、专业、学位点及其与院系设置的关系,基础学科与应用学科、专业性学科的关系,有利于科教融合知识创新的发展。我国目前亟需以"自下而上"的动态的全国学科与专业统计数据库代替"自上而下"的统一的学科专业目录,从体制上解放大学的"生产力",鼓励适应社会需求的新学科和新专业的诞生。与此同时,加强学科性质及其发展史的研究,理顺学科与学位、院系的关系;深化学科评估和教师评价制度改革,依据学校特点和学科性质特点,实行市场需求驱动下的分类评估。

In world-class universities,"the integration of science and education,serves not only as an effective pedagogical model,but also the main way of discipline construction and social services.This paper adopts"academic activities,academic beliefs and academic power,as the analytical framework to analyze the integration system of science and education in top universities.The study found that the academic undertakings of world-class universities are characterized by a symbiosis of education,scientific research and social services.Academic undertakings as such are conscious actions based on the tradition views of knowledge which originated from continuous practice and innovation.Drawing upon this view of knowledge,the organization of disciplines,majors,degree-granting institutions and their relationships with the institutions of the faculties and departments,and with the administrative treatment between basic disciplines and applied disciplines,is constructive to knowledge innovation towards integration of science and education.At present,there is an urgent need to replace the"top-down"prescribed structure of disciplines and majors with a,bottom-up,system based on a dynamic national statistical database,so as to release the,productive forces"of universities to encourage the birth of new disciplines and majors that help meet emerging social needs.Meanwhile,intensive efforts are called for to study the nature of disciplines and their history,sort out the relationship between disciplines,degrees and departments,deepen the reform of the evaluation system for both disciplines and faculties,and carry out classified evaluation based on market demand,while taking into account characteristics of the institute and nature of disciplines.