不同氮肥运筹对江淮南部稻茬小麦产量及氮肥利用的影响

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Wheat in Rice-Wheat Cropping in the South of Jianghuai Area

合理的氮肥运筹是提高小麦产量和品质的重要途径。以宁麦13号为材料,设置不同的氮肥基追比,探究江淮南部小麦适宜的氮肥运筹方式。结果表明,在江淮中部以重施基肥、适量追肥为主,同时通过合理氮肥运筹,可在一定程度上提高氮肥农学利用率,其中基、追肥比例以6∶4或7∶3为宜。建议江淮中南部地区在减少施肥量(N=240~250 kg/hm^2)条件下,合理运筹基肥与后期追肥,是实现小麦优质高产的关键途径。

Reasonable management of nitrogen(N)fertilizer is an important way for wheat to achieve high yield and improve wheat quality.Field experiment was carried out in the south of Jianghuai area to select the suitable N fertilizer application mode in wheat,using wheat cultivar Ningmai 13 as material with different N application managements.The results showed that in the middle of Jianghuai River,the use efficiency of N fertilizer could be improved by rational N fertilizer management with increasing basal fertilizer and appropriate amount of topdressing.The appropriate N ratio of base and topdressing should be 6∶4 or 7∶3.In conclusion,under the condition of reducing N fertilizer applied(N=240~250 kg/hm 2)in the central and south regions of Jianghuai River,reasonable application of N basal fertilizer and topdressing is an effective way to achieve high quality and high yield in wheat.