水氮耦合对河套灌区春小麦生长发育及产量的影响

Influence of Water-nitrogen Coupling on Growthand Yield of Spring Wheat of Hetao Irrigation Areas

为明确河套灌区春小麦的水氮高效生产技术,以永良4号为供试材料,设置不同的灌水、施氮处理,对小麦的株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累及产量进行研究。结果表明,小麦的株高随着灌溉量和施氮量的增加而升高,而叶面积指数、干物质积累及产量均随灌溉量、施氮量增加先提高后降低。叶面积指数以W 2 N 2抽穗期最高,达到8.448,较W 2 N 1、W 2 N 3分别提高了16.7%、19.9%,干物质积累以W 2 N 2成熟期最高,为27540.8 kg/hm 2,较W 2 N 1、W 2 N 3提高了26.0%、15.1%,W 2 N 2与W 2 N 3间的穗数、穗粒数、千粒重无显著差异,但均显著高于W 2 N 1处理,W 2 N 2的产量较W 2 N 1、W 2 N 3分别提高25.7%、15.1%。由此可见,W 2 N 2更适合于河套灌区的小麦生产,既节约水肥,又获得较高产量。

In order to make clear efficient water and nitrogen production technologies of spring wheat of Hetao Irrigation Area,this paper used Yongliang No.4 as materials for test and adopt different irrigation and nitrogen treatments to research plant height,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat.The results showed that plant height of wheat rose along with the increase of irrigation amounts and nitrogen amounts,but the leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat first rose then drops along with the increases of the irrigation amounts and nitrogen amounts.The leaf area index of wheat reaches the highest during the heading period of W 2 N 2,which was 8.448,having an increase of 16.7%and 19.9%respectively compared with that of W 2 N 1 and W 2 N 3.The dry matter accumulation was the highest during the mature period of W 2 N 2,which was 27540.8 kg/hm 2,having an increase of 26.0%and 15.1%compared with that of W 2 N 1 and W 2 N 3.The panicle number,panicle number,1000-grain weight during W 2 N 2 and W 2 N 3 processes had no significant difference,but they were all obviously higher than those of W 2 N 1 process.The yield of W 2 N 2 had an increase of 25.7%and 15.1%respectively compared with those of W 2 N 1 and W 2 N 3.Therefore,W 2 N 2 was more suitable for wheat production in Hetao irrigation area,which could not only save water and fertilizer consumption,but also obtain higher yield.