世界银行贷款广东农业面源污染治理项目的成效与启示

Achievements and Enlightenment of Guangdong Agricultural Pollution Control Project Loaned by the World Bank

通过介绍世界银行贷款广东农业面源污染治理项目的基本概况、主要做法、取得的成效和启示,对项目的治理模式和经验进行了总结,结果表明项目创新了管理模式和技术推广方法,项目农户的农药、化肥使用量较项目实施前减少30.9%、30.6%,比非项目农户减少19.9%、22.1%,2014—2019年,项目累计减施化肥(折纯)1.7万t、减施农药(有效成分)813 t。农田总氮减排率平均达26.3%,总磷减排率平均达36%。水稻产量普遍增幅18.9%,99.3%的农户自觉把农药包装废弃物交回指定收集点;农田水质和土壤健康改善,生物种群增多。项目养殖场粪污综合利用率和设施装备配套率均达100%,化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、磷去除率分别达98.68%、95.61%、96.89%,环保投诉大幅度减少。2020年上半年,按照设计存栏量测算,养殖业主要污染物COD减排能力达43871 t,氨氮减排能力2966 t,生物需氧量(BOD)减排能力15639 t,总磷减排能力708 t;按照实际存栏量测算,COD减排能力达15675 t,氨氮减排能力961 t,BOD减排能力5263 t,总磷减排能力220 t。加快了农业绿色发展和广东省农业可持续发展。

This paper introduced the basic situation,main practices,achievements and enlightenment of the World Bank Loaned Guangdong Agricultural Pollution Control Project,and summarized the governance mode and experience of the project.The results showed that the project created the management modes and technology extension methods.The pesticide and chemical fertilizer consumption of the project farmers decreased by 30.9%and 30.6%respectively compared with those before the project,and 19.9%and 22.1%less than those of the non-project farmers.From 2014 to 2019,17000 tons of chemical fertilizer(converted into purification)and 813 tons of pesticides(active ingredients)were reduced by the project accumulatively.The average reduction rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 26.3%and 36%,respectively.The yield of rice per mu increased by 18.9%.99.3%of the farmers could consciously return the pesticide packaging waste to the designated collection points.The water quality and soil health of farmland were improved and the biological population increased.Both the comprehensive utilization rate of wastewater and facilities and equipment matching rate of the projects farm reached 100%.The removal rates of chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus were 98.68%,95.61%and 96.89%,respectively.According to the calculation of the designed inventory,in the first half of 2020,the emission reduction capacity of COD,ammonia nitrogen,biological oxygen demand(BOD)and total phosphorus(TP)in breeding industry was 43871 tons,2966 tons,15639 tons and 708 tons,respectively.According to the actual inventory,the emission reduction capacity of COD,ammonia nitrogen,BOD and TP was 15675 tons,961 tons,5263 tons,and 220 tons,respectively.It has accelerated the green development of agriculture and the sustainable development of agriculture in Guangdong Province.