维持性血液透析患者对血透通路相关知识的知晓情况调查

Investigation on awareness situation of hemodialysis access related knowledge in patients with maintenance hemodialysis

目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者对血液透析血管通路(血透通路)相关知识的知晓情况。方法采用方便抽样法对2019年3-12月该院金山医院普通外科住院的532例患者进行问卷调查,统计患者对血透通路知识的知晓情况及相关知识获取途径,并比较在不同特征人群中的差异。结果共收回有效问卷498份(93.61%)。MHD患者对血透通路知识的总体知晓率为(58.77±18.54)%,40岁以下、大专及以上学历、干部人群、城市、透析龄大于5年的患者有更高的知晓率(P<0.05)。患者相关知识来源主要为医护人员(58.43%,291/498),其次为患者间交流(44.38%,221/498);患者对知识期望的来源方式前3位是健康知识讲座(44.18%),电话/微信/短信随访(24.10%),公众号平台推送(21.49%);最想了解的问题为延长血透通路使用时间的方法(60.24%),动静脉内瘘发生狭窄/血栓的原因(19.68%),保护血管通路的方法(10.04%)等。结论MHD患者血透通路相关知识总体较缺乏,医务工作者需要针对患者自身情况制订个性化健康教育方案,加强宣传教育。

Objective To investigate the awareness situation of hemodialysis access related knowledge in the patients with maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).Methods A total of 532 inpatients in the general surgery department of Jinshan Hospital from March 2019 to December 2019 conducted the questionnaire survey by adopting the convenient sampling.The patients′awareness situation of hemodialysis access related knowledge and the achieving approaches of related knowledge conducted the statistics and the differences were compared among different characteristics of populations.Results A total of 498 effective questionnaires(93.61%)were recovered.The overall awareness rate of the MHD patients on the hemodialysis access knowledge was(58.77±18.54)%,the patients under 40 years old,college degree or above,cadre population,urban residents and dialysis age>5 years had the higher awareness rate(P<0.05).The source of related knowledge was mainly the medical staff(58.43%,291/498),followed by the patient-patients communication(44.38%,221/498).The top three of the source modes of the patients′knowledge expectation were the health knowledge lectures(44.18%),telephone/WeChat/short message follow-up(24.10%),and pushing in public platform(21.49%).The questions most needing to understand were the method to prolong the using time of hemodialysis access(60.24%),the causes of arteriovenous fistula stenosis/thrombosis(19.68%),the methods to protect vascular access(10.04%),etc.Conclusion The related knowledge about hemodialysis access in MHD patients is lack,and the medical staffs need to formulate personalized health education programs by aiming at the patients′own conditions and strengthen the publicity and education.