从被动再现到主体“发声”的转变及原因——以五四前后湖南《大公报》对女学生的报道为例

Development from Passive Coverage to Independent Voice for Female Students:Based on the Coverage of Female Students by Dagong Newspaper around May Fourth Movement in 1919

湖南《大公报》作为民国时期湘省最具影响力的民营日报,在五四运动前后对女学生群体予以高密集的报道,成为湖南教育史上不可忽视的独特景观。五四前,女学生更多的是作为历史客体被媒体再现,社会大众大多抱猎奇心理,但五四后报刊再现的女学生形象大为改观,她们开始以社会行动主体的方式“发声”,完成了由媒介客体到媒介主体的飞跃。湖南女学生形象的逆转,是男性报人对男女平权的倡扬、女学生主体意识的觉醒以及五四运动对湖南思想界冲击等因素叠加影响的结果。

As the most influential private daily newspaper in Hunan Province during the era of the Republic of China(1912-1949),the Changsha-based Dagong Newspaper gave an intensive coverage on female students around the May Fourth Movement in 1919.Female students were mainly regarded as historical objects in media coverage before the May Fourth Movement and a majority of the public were merely curious about their stories.However,there was a great change to their image in media report after the May Fourth Movement.They began to proactively express personal voice as the participants of social activities,making a giant leap from object to subject in media coverage.The transformation came from the advocacy of gender equality by male reporters,the awakening of subjective consciousness among female students,and the impact of the May Fourth Movement on local cultural circle.