枣庄市山亭区旧石器地点调查简报

A preliminary report on a reconnaissance of Paleolithic sites in the Shanting District,Zaozhuang City

2016年夏在枣庄市山亭区的旧石器考古调查共发现新地点4处,分为两种堆积类型:一种为山前洪积褐土及其中的砂质条带(外峪子、马头、马窝地点),另一种系山前坡积棕黄色粉砂土(方山地点)。前三处地点(Waiyuzi,Matou,Mawo)属细石器传统,方山地点(FS)为使用砸击技术的小石器传统。调查共获得161件石制品,其中近1/3采自地层之中。类型包括石核/细石核、石片、石器、断块和残片;石料均采自附近山体中岩脉,主要是石英和燧石;4处地点均存在砸击技术,其中方山地点砸击技术表现尤为突出;石制品均以小型占绝大多数;石器包括刮削器、雕刻器和凹缺刮器,刮削器是主要类型。由地貌与地层对比可知,石制品埋藏于上更新统地层中,遗址时代大致为晚更新世晚期。

In May 2016,a short survey of Shanting District,Zaozhuang City was carried out and two technological types of lithic assemblage were collected,including 161 stone artifacts.About one third of the artifacts were collected from in situ positions within the stratigraphy and two thirds from surface.Four Paleolithic localities with clear stratigraphy were discovered at the foot of the mountain.The stone artifacts of WMM(WYZ,MW,MT)sites included flakes(n=30),chunks(n=25)and debitage(n=13),followed by cores(n=11),microblade cores(n=5)and retouched items(n=3).Raw materials are primarily quartz and chert.Fangshan site(FS)included flakes(n=21),debitage(n=15),cores(n=14),followed by chunks(n=12)and retouched items(n=12).All raw material was quartz derived from local sources,and all raw material at the four locations derived from outcrops of mountain rock around the sites. The stone artifacts from the WMM sites were buried in a similar layerof cinnamon soil. These included microblade cores, similar to components of microblade technologyin the Yishuhe River Basin in southeast Shandong Province. Hard hammer percussion was the mainflaking technique,followed by bipolar technique. Retouched tools are small in number and include anotch, a burin, and an end-scraper manufactured on flakes. Stratigraphic observations and the absoluteage of the known lithic assemblage in Yishuhe River Basin suggest that these three newly discoveredlocalities belong to the late Pleistocene. FS site shows strong characteristics of the bi-polar flakingtechnique. The retouched tool assemblage includes notches and scrapers. The geological age of thesite by stratigraphic observations is speculated to be late Pleistocene.