日本北海道地区细石叶技术研究概述

An overview of studies on microblade technology in Hokkaido,Japan

细石叶技术是晚更新世晚期东北亚和西北美新的变革性剥坯技术和适应手段。北海道地区拥有丰富、多样的细石器遗存,相关材料最早可以追溯到距今约2.5万年前,持续了约1.2万年。以北海道具有明显技术复杂性和多样性特点的细石器为材料,学者们基于技术式“阅读”和拼合研究划分出一系列细石核工艺类型和剥坯技法;岛内以楔形细石核为代表的细石器工业传统在不断延续的同时,也表现出明显的阶段性变化,并在一定程度上显示出与气候环境变化较强的相关性。本文对北海道地区晚更新世末次盛冰期以来的气候、环境背景以及细石器的发现与研究历程进行介绍。在此基础上,厘清北海道细石核工艺类型的划分,并对细石器群的阶段性演变进行系统梳理,以期对我国相关研究有所裨益。

Microblade technology represents an important technological innovation and adaptation in northeastern Asia and northwestern America during the Late Pleistocene.Hokkaido,located along the edge of far-eastern Eurasia,contains a rich microlithic sequence that began around 25 thousand years ago and lasted for about 12 thousand years.Based on qualitative technological analysis and refitting,several microlithic debitage methods and microblade core types have been identified in Hokkaido.The regional microlithic sequence is characterized by the continuity of wedge-shaped cores,along with periodic changes that appear to correspond with climatic and environmental shifts.This article provides an overview of the climatic and environmental background of Hokkaido during the Late Pleistocene,and the research history of microlithic technology in the region.On this basis,this paper highlights the nature and differences among microblade debitage methods in Hokkaido and clarifies the development of microlithic industry through time.This overview has implication for our understanding of microlithic technology and Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer mobility and adaptation in the broader region of far-eastern Asia,including the neighboring area of China.