中国黄土高原北部地区新石器-青铜时代农业结构演变及其对区域生态环境的适应

Evolution and bioenvironmental adaptation of Neolithic and Bronze age agriculture in the North Chinese Loess Plateau

本文分析并测定了从15个位于黄土高原北部的遗址中浮选的炭化植物遗存的年代及数量,讨论了该地区新石器-青铜时代农业结构的变化、发展及自适应。研究表明,该地区粟的占比随着遗址年代的推移呈现出上升趋势,证明了先民的农业技术随时间变化而发展;受季风降水特征影响,东南部灌丛草原区粟的占比随时间变化上升趋势明显,西北部干草原区则变化较弱,证明环境的差异也造成了农业模式的不同;在干旱气候条件限制下,自中全新世以来黄土高原北部地区的主要作物始终为粟和黍,粟作农业奠定了黄土高原乃至中国北方的文明基础。

On basis of the carbonization results and quantitative statistics of seed remains from 15 sites, we discuss and infers the agriculture development and adaptation in the northernpart of the Loess Plateau during the Neolithic-Bronze Age. The proportion changes of foxtailmillet in this area show an upward trend with the passage of the ruins, which proves that theagricultural technology developed with a time change. Influenced by the characteristics ofmonsoon precipitation, the proportion of foxtail millet in the southeastern shrub grassland areahad an obvious upward trend with the change of time while the change was weak in the drylandarea, which proves that the difference of environment also caused the difference of agriculturalpatterns. Limited by dry climate conditions, the main crops in the northern part of the LoessPlateau have been foxtail millet and common millet since the Middle Holocene, which laid acivilized foundation for millet agriculture in the Loess Plateau and even in northern China.