中国西部地区开发区及产业时空变化特征

Spatial pattern and industrial characteristics of economic development areas in western China

通过收集中国西部12省份的714个开发区基础数据,采用最邻近距离、核密度分析法以及地理空间分析法,对1993-2015年间中国西部地区(简称西部地区)开发区的空间格局演化规律及产业分布特征展开分析。研究结果表明:(1)西部地区开发区空间集聚特征显著,呈现出以重点城市和城市圈为依托的“多级集聚”的演变规律。(2)西部地区开发区空间聚集程度和规模均呈现出不断增加的态势,集聚规模增长幅度大于集聚强度。(3)西部地区国家级开发区各类型产业的集聚程度强于省级开发区,集聚规模弱于省级开发区。国家级开发区主要发展资金密集型、技术密集型产业,各类型产业分布格局呈现出单核心集聚特征;省级开发区以劳动密集型、资金密集型产业为主;各类型产业布局特征差距显著,技术密集型呈现出“大集聚、小分散”的分布格局、劳动密集型向中心城市集聚、资金密集型连片规模化发展。研究结果对于西部地区合理利用开发区来加强城市群联系,实现区域协调发展具有一定的现实意义。

Studying the spatial pattern of development zones in western China is not only conducive to understanding its evolution law in recent years but also a crucial means to comprehend regional economic development.Therefore,the basic data of 714 development zones in western China,including the leading industries,development zone names,built-up areas,and years of establishment,were collected to comprehensively analyze the spatial distribution pattern and clustering degree via the nearest distance method,nuclear density spatial analysis method,and multi-distance cluster analysis method.The results indicated as follows:(1)Development zones in western China show significant spatial agglomeration characteristics,presenting the evolution law of“multi-level agglomeration”and relying on key cities and urban agglomerations.(2)Overall,the degree and scale of the spatial agglomeration of development zones in the western region have shown an increasing trend,and the growth rate of the agglomeration scale is faster than the intensity of the agglomeration.(3)The agglomeration degree of all types of industries in the state-level development zones in the western region is stronger than that in the provincial-level development zones,while the agglomeration scale is weaker.The state-level development zones mainly develop capital-and technology-intensive industries,and the industrial distribution pattern presents the characteristics of a single core cluster.However,the provincial-level development zones are dominated by labor-and capital-intensive industries,with significant differences in their industrial distribution characteristics.The above research provides new ideas for future investigation into the space and industrial development of development zones in western China and has a certain practical significance for the rational use of development zones to strengthen the connection between urban clusters and achieve regional coordinated development.