基于视障者家居特征的无障碍设计原则与方法

Principles and Methods of Barrier-free Design Based on Home Characteristics of the Visually Impaired

目的针对视觉无障碍家居设计研究相对滞后的现状,探究视觉障碍群体在家居生活中的生理、心理及行为特征,了解其生活状态及其对无障碍设计的需求,探索针对视障者家居生活的无障碍设计原则与方法,以期为视障弱势群体营造人性而平等的家居环境。方法借助问卷调查、深度访谈获取视障者家居生活相关的第一手资料,通过数据分析掌握其身心状况及在家居生活中的困境。通过优秀设计案例分析,探讨无障碍家居设计方法的可行性。结论根据无障碍设计与通用设计的基本原理,结合视障者家居生活的具体情景,并在充分考虑视障者生理条件与精神诉求的基础上,提出了针对视障群体实施无障碍设计的安全原则、容错原则、便捷原则、自立原则、兼容原则,并从感官代偿法、事理学方法等方面深入阐述了视觉无障碍家居设计方法。

In the view of the current situation that the research on visual barrier free home design is relatively lagging behind,the work aims to explore the physiological,psychological and behavioral characteristics of visually impaired people in their home life,understand their living conditions and their needs for barrier free design,and to explore the barrier free design principles and methods for the home life of the visually impaired,in order to create a humanized and equal home environment for them.With the help of questionnaire and in-depth interview,this paper got the first-hand information related to the home life of the visually impaired,and mastered their physical and mental conditions and home difficulties through data analysis.Excellent design cases were studied to discuss the feasibility of the barrier free home design method.According to the basic principles of barrier free design and general design,combined with the specific situation of the home life of the visually impaired,and based on fully considering the physiological conditions and spiritual demands of the visually impaired,this paper proposes the principles on safety,fault tolerance,convenience,self-reliance and compatibility of barrier free design for the visually impaired group,and elaborates the design method of visually barrier free home from the aspects of sensory compensation method and management method.