国家级新区先行先试法治化的制度成本

On the Institutional Cost of the Institutional Experiment Rule of Law in State-Level New Areas

地方先行先试是中国改革进程中重要的制度供给路径。当前改革实践中强调改革举措的正当性与合法性,先行先试法治化成为发展趋向。国家级新区先行先试改革中的“良性违法”在降低制度成本的同时削弱了改革的正当性;新区先行先试的法治化推进则在重建正当性的同时抬升了改革的制度成本。应当在国家级新区先行先试的法治化推进中引入制度成本观念,平衡效率与正当。具体路径包括:法理观照现实,平衡统一性与多样性;扩大地方立法权限,鼓励差异化制度竞争;简化法律调整程序,提高制度供给效率;积极运用授权机制,合理配置立法资源;强化容错免责机制,降低制度试错成本。

Local institutional experiment is an important institutional supply path in China's reform process.In the current reform practice,the legitimacy and legality of reform measures are emphasized,and the rule of law of experiment becomes the development trend.The“benign violations”in the state-level new areas'experiment have weaken the legitimacy while reducing the institution cost;the advancement of the rule of law in the new areas has promoted the legitimacy but raised the institutional cost of reform.The concept of institu⁃tional cost should be introduced in the advancement of the rule of law in the national new areas.The specific path balancing efficiency and justification includes:jurisprudence taking care of reality to balance unity and diversity;expanding local legislative authority to encourage differentiated system competition;simplifying legal adjustment procedures to improve institution supply efficiency;actively using authorization mechanism to ra⁃tionally allocate legislative resources;strengthening fault-tolerant exemption mechanism to reduce the cost of trial and error.