中西方戏剧中科学家形象差异与原因

The Differences and Reasons on the Images of Scientists in Chinese and Western Dramas

中西方戏剧中“科学家”的形象刻画迥然不同。在中国戏剧中,科学家的形象经历了从不谙世事的“逃避者”到献身革命、国家建设的“民族英雄”的转变;而在西方戏剧中,科学家的形象嬗变始于沉迷学问、不合群的“怪人”到背叛科学的“罪人”。以中西方经典戏剧中科学家形象的差异为表征,管窥中西方科学戏剧中科学家形象流变的生成原因。昭示了近现代科学发展进程中,中西方科学戏剧栖居的不同政治历史境遇,中西方文化对待科学知识的不同态度,以及两种戏剧创作传统的差异。

The images of“scientists”in Chinese and Western dramas are quite different.In Chinese dra⁃mas,the image of scientists has witnessed the transformation from“escapist”who is ignorant of worldly affairs to“national heroes”who devote themselves to revolution and nation-building.In Western dramas,the image evolution of scientists starts from“Frankenstein”who indulges in knowledge and self-containment to“sin⁃ners”who betray science.Based on the differences between the images of scientists in Chinese and Western classical dramas,the paper explores the causes of the changes in the depiction of scientists in Chinese dramas and Western science dramas.It also reveals the different political and historical circumstances which are the inhabitation of Chinese and Western science dramas,the different attitudes of Chinese and Western cultures towards scientific knowledge,and their respective drama creation traditions.