马尔库塞革命理论的“自然-生态”维度

The“Nature-Ecology”Dimension of Marcuse's Revolution Theory

对自然与革命、生态与革命相互关系的探讨,是马尔库塞革命理论的一个重要维度。通过解读马克思的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,马尔库塞发掘了其中所蕴含的“自然与革命”思想,认为只有解放自然,才能解放人类自身。通过解读康德、席勒、马克思的思想,马尔库塞阐释了自然审美的自由革命意涵,认为通过非功利的自然审美,人类可以实现与自然的和解而实现社会变革、获取自由。从资本主义的制度层面,马尔库塞剖析了生态危机日益严重的根源,并号召通过生态斗争取代资本主义,实现社会的变革。马尔库塞“自然—生态”维度的革命理论,对于生态文明建设以及人与自然生命共同体的构建,具有非常重要的借鉴价值和意义。

The discussion of the relationship between nature and revolution,and the relationship between ecology and revolution is an important dimension of Marcuse's revolutionary theory.By interpreting The Manu⁃script of Economics and Philosophy in 1844 by Marx,Marcuse unearthed the thought of“nature and revolu⁃tion”,and the thought that only the liberation of nature can liberate mankind itself.By interpreting the thoughts of Kant,Schiller and Marx,Marcuse explained the meaning of the free revolution of natural aesthet⁃ic,and believed that through the non-utilitarian natural aesthetic,human beings could realize social change and gain freedom through the reconciliation with nature.From the institutional level of capitalism,Marcuse dissected the causes of the growing ecological crisis and called for the replacement of capitalism with ecological struggle to realize social change.The revolutionary theory of the"nature-ecology"dimension of Marcuse has very important reference value and significance for the construction of ecological civilization and the construc⁃tion of the life community of man and nature.