关于《周礼》的档案史史料学研究——兼论档案学界之《周礼》误读

Study on Historical Materials of Archival History in Zhou Li——Explanation of Misreading Zhou Li in Archival Circle

《周礼》是先秦史和中国古代史研究中不可或缺的史料,作为描述国家行政体制类著作,它涉及大量档案方面的内容,对档案史研究具有极为重要的史料价值。档案界在运用《周礼》档案史料方面,既卓有成效,也存在着一些误读和误用问题。笔者从档案史料学角度,借助语言文字演变规律、二重证据法和逻辑分析法等对《周礼》的成书时间、内容、天府、龟室等史料误读问题做出了较全面的梳理。指出《周礼》约成书于战国或秦初;区分了《周礼》内容中先秦制度的实录与作者主观设计两部分不同性质的内容;指出"天府"兼有职官和机构名称两重属性,以及"龟室"为保管待卜用龟之处所,而非存放甲骨档案的库房。

Zhou Li is an indispensable historical material in the study of pre-Qin history and ancient Chinese history,as a description of the state administrative system works.Its content of archives is of great importance to the study of archival history.The archival circle has made fruitful researches by using Zhou Li,however,there are problems of misreading and misuses in the process of using Zhou Li.From the perspective of archival historical materials,by means of the law of the evolution of the spoken and written languages,the double evidence method and the logic analysis method,etc.,this paper makes a comprehensive explanation of the misreading of historical materials such as time,content,Tianfu and Guishi of Zhou Li.It points out that the completion time of Zhou Li is about the Warring States period or the early Qin Dynasty and distinguishes the content of pre-Qin system and the subjective design of the author in the content of Zhou Li.It also points out that the "Tianfu" has both the name of the official and the name of the organization,and the "Guishi" is a place in charge of tortoises to be used for divination,not the storerooms where archives on bones or tortoise shells are kept.