小农户生产的现代性消费遭遇——基于“巢状市场小农扶贫试验”的观察与思考

When Smallholder Production Encounters Modern Consumption:Reflections on Poverty Alleviation via Nested Markets

消费扶贫在实践中存在一些问题和挑战,如家庭经营的贫困小农户很难被直接纳入。基于在河北省柳村开展的“巢状市场小农扶贫试验”,本研究呈现基于小农户生产的消费扶贫的微观组织过程。研究发现,当小农户生产与现代城市消费直接遭遇时,在食物的标准与文化、便利性、供需平衡、互动关系等方面存在诸多不连续性,导致消费扶贫在开展和持续过程中出现种种问题。这些不连续性不仅折射出全球性食物体系与地方性食物文化和社会之间的张力,也表征了被建构的城市现代性消费与快速变迁的乡村小农生产之间的某些断裂。为此,本文建议消费扶贫应创新纳入贫困小农户直接参与的方式,在技术、市场机会、公共服务等方面提供相应配套措施和支持。

Poverty alleviation by consumption(a policy mobilizing consumers to purchase goods and services offered by the poor)has met some problems and challenges in reality,one of which is the difficulty for the poor rural households to be directly involved.Based on the“Experiment of Poverty Alleviation via Nested Markets”program in Liu Village of Hebei Province,this research explores the micro organizing process of an initiative of poverty alleviation by consumption based on smallholder production.It shows that when smallholder production encounters modern consumption,discontinuities appear in various aspects such as food standard and culture,judgment about convenience,the balance between supply and demand,and the interactive relationships.This also leads to the various difficulties and problems in promoting the practice of poverty alleviation by consumption and undermines its sustainability.These discontinuities not only reflect the tensions between the global food systems and the local food culture and society,but also represent the rifts between the constructed modern consumption and the rapid change of rural smallholder production.Thus,this paper suggests that it is necessary to come up with new ways of involving the poor farming households directly in the promotion of poverty alleviation by consumption and support them with corresponding measures in terms of technique,market opportunity,and public service.