民族传统技艺传播与传承的职教路径——基于对2019中国—东盟职教联展暨论坛的观察与思考

Vocational Educational Approach for Dissemination and Inheritance of Ethnic Traditional Skills——Based on Observation and Reflection on Joint Exhibition and Forum of China-ASEAN Vocational Education 2019

民族传统技艺传播与传承是非遗保护工作的重要方面。职业教育通过建立民族文化传承基地等方式在促进民族传统技术传播与传承方面日益发挥出重要作用。以2019中国—东盟职教联展暨论坛为观察基点,发现民族传统技艺传播和传承主要划分为民族饮食制作技艺传承、民族传统手工技艺传承、民族医药诊疗技艺传承、民族歌舞表演技艺传承4类。体现出技艺传承与专业教育深度链接,文化传统与现代技术完美联姻,产教融合与文化创意双重驱动的传承特点。职业院校开展民族传统技术传承面临着传承重复性和简单化,人才培养质量考核评价不足,校政合作、校企合作不够深入等问题。需要加强国家和地方教育部门的顶层设计,构建民族技艺传承职教体系、全面提升育人水准,加强各方合作、实现多主体育人。

The vocational educational approach of the dissemination and inheritance of ethnic traditional skills brings us infinite space and possibility.Based on the observation of the Joint Exhibition and Forum of China-ASEAN Vocational Education 2019,it is found that the dissemination and inheritance of ethnic traditional skills can be divided into four categories:inheritance of ethnic diet making skills,inheritance of ethnic traditional handicraft skills,inheritance of ethnic medical diagnosis and treatment skills,and inheritance of ethnic performance skills of songs and dances.It is characteristic by the deep link between the skills inheritance and the professional education,the perfect marriage between cultural tradition and modern technology,and the dual driving of the integration of industry and education and the cultural creativity.It is also facing problems of the repetition and simplification of inheritance,the insufficient quality assessment of personnel training,and not profound cooperation between school and government,and between schools and enterprises.It is necessary to strengthen the top-level design of national and local education departments,build a vocational education system for the inheritance of ethnic skills,comprehensively improve the level of education,strengthen cooperation among all parties,and realize multi-subject education.