吸毒人员医用麻精药品滥用风险研究

Risk of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Abuse among Drug Abusers

目的了解吸毒人员非医疗目的使用麻醉、精神药物的现状及其影响因素,提出需重点关注的药品及可能的监测盲区,为强化医疗用药品滥用监测提出建议。方法对江西省6家司法强戒机构2017年1~12月新收治的2025名戒毒人员进行调查和面访,分析吸毒人员滥用医疗用药品的现状及其影响因素。结果2025例调查对象中有141例曾有滥用麻精药品行为,占6.96%。其中麻醉、一类精神药品中使用比重前三位的品种依次为吗啡(11.35%)、三唑仑(8.61%)和度冷丁(4.64%);二类精神药品则以曲马多(21.99%)和安定(16.56%)的使用为主;而非列管药品则以联邦止咳露(18.44%)和复方地芬诺酯(6.62%)的使用居多。有滥用麻精药品行为的吸毒人员年龄多分布在20~40岁(62.41%),男性为主(90.07%);吸毒年限大多达5年以上(60.99%)。麻醉和一类精神药品、二类精神药品的获得途径主要来自医院,分别占56.41%和43.10%,而非列管药则主要购自药店(45.45%);大部分药物滥用者选择在自家场所进行吸食(79.43%)。结论应对医院、药店加强监管,防止曲马多、联邦止咳露、安定和吗啡等药品的非医疗目的使用和非法流通。

Objective To obtain the prevalence of narcotics and psychotropic substances used by drug addicts for non-medical purposes.To find the factors changing its trend for some suggestions on improving medical drug supervision and preventing drug abuse.Methods Form January to December 2017,2025 drug addicts were newly admitted to six judicial enforcement agencies in Jiangxi province,who were investigated and interviewed for information to analyze the current situation and influencing factors of drug abuse.Results Among the 2025 subjects,141 cases had abused ephedrine drugs,accounting for 6.96%.In addition to methadone,tramadol(21.99%),federal cough syrup(18.44%),diazepam(17.73%)and morphine(11.35%)were used.Most of the patients who abused medical drugs except methadone were 20 to 40 years old(62.41%),most of them were male(90.07%),and many persons had been addicted for more than 5 years(60.99%).The access to narcotic drugs,class I and II psychotropic drugs mainly came from hospitals,accounting for 56.41%and 43.10%,respectively,while non-listed drugs were mainly purchased from pharmacies(45.45%),and most of the medical drugs wereconsumed in their own places(79.43%).Conclusion The supervision of hospitals and pharmacies should strengthen management in some drug,which are tramadol,federal cough syrup,diazepam,morphine and more.It would be good for improving medical drug supervision and preventing drug abuse.