秸秆还田方式与保水剂对玉米产量及土壤水分的影响

Effect of Straw Return Manner and Water Retention Agent on Yield of Maize and Soil Moisture

为解决黄淮海地区秸秆分解慢、效果差以及土壤跑墒等问题,试验以郑单958为试验材料,采用裂区设计,主区为保水剂,分为施用(A1)和不施用(A2)两个因素,裂区为秸秆还田方式,分为不还田(B1)、粉碎还田(B2)、秸秆粉碎后与腐熟剂混合堆放5 d后撒入田间(B3)3个因素,探讨秸秆还田方式和保水剂对玉米干物质、产量、土壤含水量、水分利用效率的影响。经过2 a的试验,结果表明,保水剂的施用增加了行粒数,增幅在1.6~3.5之间,产量增加3~7,显著增加了大喇叭口期、乳熟期、成熟期0~40 cm的土壤含水量。秸秆还田能够增加行粒数和百粒重,产量增加3~8。秸秆腐熟剂的施用效果更加明显,秸秆还田处理(B2)与施用腐熟剂处理(B3)对土壤含水量和水分利用效率差异不显著。秸秆腐熟剂和保水剂的施用比对照(A2B1)显著增加了穗粒数、百粒重,产量两年分别增加10.1和16.9,水分利用效率提高12.3和18.8。秸秆还田后腐熟剂和保水剂的施用提高玉米中后期干物质积累,增加行粒数和粒重,从而提高产量,同时增加表层土壤水分提高水分利用效率。综上,黄淮海少雨地区秸秆还田后腐熟剂和保水剂的施用值得推广应用。

In order to solve the problem of low decomposition,slow resolve of the straw and evaporation of soil water in Huang-Huai-Hai area,in this experiment,Zhengdan 985 was used as the test material and split plot design was adopted.The main plot was water retention agent,with the treatments of Application(A1)and No application(A2),the subplot was the mode of straw returning with the treatments of No returning to field(B1),Smashing returning to field(B2),and Smashing straw and composting agent after stacking for 5 days and scattering into the field(B3).The effect of the interaction of straw return manner and water retention agent on the weight of dry matter,yield,the soil moisture and the water use efficiency was studied.After two years of experiments,the results showed that:the application of water-retaining agent increased the number of row grains by 1.6%~3.5%,the yield by 3%~7%,and the soil water content of 0~40 cm in the trumpeting stage,the milk stage and the mature stage significantly.Straw returning could increase the number of grains per ear and the hundred-grain weight,and increase the yield by 3%to 8%.The application effect of straw decomposing agent was more obvious,but there was no significant difference in soil water content and water use efficiency between treatment B2 and treatment B3.The application of straw decomposing agent and water retention agent significantly increased the grain number per spike,100 grains weight,the yield was increased by 10.1%and 16.9%respectively in the two years,and the water use efficiency was increased by12.3%and 18.8%.After straw returning,the application of straw decomposing agent and water retention agent could increase the dry matter accumulation in the middle and late stage of corn,increase the grain number per row and grain weight,so as to improve the yield,and increase the surface soil water and improve the water use efficiency.In summary,the application of straw decomposing agent and water retention agent after straw returning is worth of popularizing in Huang-Huai-Hai dry area.