盐荒地棉田长期膜下滴灌对土壤盐分和产量的影响

Effects of Long-term Mulched Drip Irrigation on Soil Salinity and Yield in Salt Wasteland Cotton Field

开发利用盐荒地为解决社会与农业发展中争地矛盾提供重要途径。开荒后土壤盐分含量是影响作物生长和产量的重要指标。为探明长期膜下滴灌对盐荒地棉田土壤盐分时空分布特征规律及对棉花产量的影响,通过田间监测数据,分析了开荒第二年生育期内土壤含盐量时空变化规律,比较分析了膜下滴灌8年后土壤脱盐率、出苗率和产量变化。结果表明,通过8年膜下滴灌,121团6连平均脱盐率达-84.89;142团14连平均脱盐率达-34.81;149团9连平均脱盐率达-69.84。出苗率由2008年开荒时最少21.7增至最高达74.7。产量由2008年开荒时最少261 kg/hm^2增加至最高达6390 kg/hm^2。长期膜下滴灌减少了土壤盐分含量,增加了土壤脱盐率、出苗率和产量。

The development and utilization of salt wasteland provides an important way to solve the conflict between social and agricultural development.Soil salt content is an important index that affects crop growth and yield.In order to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil salinity in salt wasteland cotton field under long-term drip irrigation and its influence on cotton yield,through field monitoring data,the temporal and spatial variation of soil salinity in the two year after mulched drip irrigation was studied,and the relative desalination rate,seedling emergence rate and yield were compared and analyzed after 8 years of drip irrigation under membrane.The results show that:after 8 years,the average desalination rate of soil of the 6th company of the 121th corp was-84.89%,the average desalination rate of soil of the 14th company of the 142th corp was-34.81%,and the average desalination rate of the 9th company of the 149th corp is-69.84%;the emergence rate increased from at least 21.7%in 2008 to a maximum of 74.7%;the yield increased from a minimum of 261 kg/hm^2 in 2008 to a maximum of 6390 kg/hm^2;Long-term submembrane drip irrigation reduced soil salt content and increased soil desalination rate,seedling emergence rate and cotton yield.