受众回应视角下的《国家学生体质健康标准》政策执行及其效果--基于10省40所普通高校的实证分析

Policy Implementation and Effect of National Student Physical Fitness Standard from the Perspective of Audience Responsiveness-An Empirical Analysis Based on 40 Colleges and Universities in 10 Provinces

受众回应是评价政策执行及其效果好坏的重要维度。运用文献资料研究、专家访谈、问卷调查、多元回归分析等方法考察10省40所普通高校大学生对学校《国家学生体质健康标准》政策执行过程的认知,以及在此基础上的回应来研究《国家学生体质健康标准》政策的执行及其效果。研究发现,《国家学生体质健康标准》政策文本与政策执行在学校奖学金评定上存在偏差。这种偏差随着年级的增加而递增,显著性地影响到大学生《国家学生体质健康标准》测试前体育锻炼的准备。究其原因,是《国家学生体质健康标准》政策文本中良好以上成绩才能参与评奖评优的规定未能得到学校层面的切实执行,部分大学生在《国家学生体质健康标准》测试前以被动体育锻炼准备和无体育锻炼准备作为回应,降低了这一政策的执行效果。高校各部门应积极沟通与协同,减少《国家学生体质健康标准》政策执行的偏差,提升大学生对《国家学生体质健康标准》政策的认同;高校应积极向教育主管部门反馈《国家学生体质健康标准》执行中的各种偏差,有助于《国家学生体质健康标准》政策的进一步完善;研究人员应将学生受众回应纳入学校体育政策研究范畴,助推研究的进一步深入。

Audience responsiveness is an important aspect of evaluating policy implementation and its effectiveness.The study used literature research,expert interviews,questionnaires,multinomial logistic model to analyze the cognition of students from 40 universities in 10 provinces about the implementation of the National Student Physical Fitness Standard policy and its implementation effects.The research found that there were deviations between the National Student Physical Fitness Standard policy text and its implementation in the evaluation of school scholarships,which significantly affected the preparation of student before the National Student Physical Fitness Standard test.The reason was that the provisions of the National Student Physical Fitness Standard policy texts couldn’t execute in the evaluation of the school scholarships.Some college students responded with passive physical activity preparation and no physical activity preparation before the National Student Physical Fitness Standard test,which reduced the implementation effect of the National Student Physical Fitness Standard policy.All departments of the university should actively communicate and coordinate to reduce the deviation of the implementation of the National Student Physical Fitness Standard policy,which will improve status of the National Student Physical Fitness Standard policy among the students.Colleges and universities should actively give feedback about the deviations in the implementation of the National Student Physical Fitness Standard to the education authorities,which will help to further improve the effectiveness of the National Student Physical Fitness Standard policy.Researchers should incorporate audience responsiveness into the research of school sports policy,and promote further research of school sports policy.