从消除绝对贫困走向缓解相对贫困

From Eliminating Absolute Poverty to Alleviating Relative Poverty

2020年我国将率先消除绝对贫困问题,但它并不意味着我国减贫工作的结束,贫困在我国将以相对贫困的形式继续存在。与绝对贫困相比,相对贫困的人口基数更大、空间分布更分散、致贫原因更复杂。因此缓解相对贫困的政策取向也要做相应调整:扶贫目的从解决温饱转向缩小收入差距;扶贫重心从降低贫困发生率转向建立防止返贫机制;扶贫对象从以农村为重点转向城乡并重;扶贫方式从解决收入贫困转向解决多维贫困。同时也需要进一步研究解决相对贫困问题的长效机制,包括:整合各方资源,建立整体治理机制;界定相对贫困标准,确立准确识别机制;衔接乡村振兴战略,建立持续增收机制;统筹城乡扶贫,建立常态化减贫机制。

In 2020,China will take the lead in eliminating absolute poverty,but it does not mean the end of poverty reduction in China.Poverty will continue to exist in China in the form of relative poverty.Compared with absolute poverty,the relative poverty has a larger population base,more spatial distribution,and more complex causes.Therefore,the policy orientation of alleviating relative poverty should also be adjusted accordingly:the goal of poverty alleviation should be changed from solving the problem of food and clothing to narrowing the income gap.The focus of poverty alleviation should be shifted from reducing the incidence of poverty to establishing a mechanism to prevent poverty return.The focus of poverty alleviation should be shifted from rural areas to both rural and urban areas.And the approach of poverty alleviation should be shifted from solving income poverty to solving multidimensional poverty.At the same time,we also need to further study the long-term mechanism to solve the problem of relative poverty,including:Integrating resources from various parties to establish an overall governance mechanism.Defining relative poverty standards and establishing an accurate identification mechanism.Linking rural revitalization strategies and establishing a mechanism for continuous income increase.Coordinating urban and rural poverty alleviation,and establish a normalized poverty reduction mechanism.