征地拆迁“钉子户”的行动策略阐释——基于霍曼斯微观社会交换理论的视角

An Explanation for the Action Strategies of Nail Households in the Process of Land Acquisition and Demolition:Perspective from Homes’Social Exchange Theory

霍曼斯的社会交换理论提供了一个分析人类理性互动、公平交换问题的一般框架,其要义包括交换是社会整合的基本要素,等量价值的交换是社会交往的基本形式,酬赏或效用的心理满足是人们理性行动的主要目的。基于社会交换理论的视角,论文分析了征地拆迁“钉子户”与地方政府互动交换中的维权形象、拖延战术、越级上访、媒体曝光、司法诉讼的行动策略,提出了塑造“向下看”的政治生态环境、破除拆迁主体的权责失衡困境、建立公平补偿的社会交换机制、规范征地拆迁利益双方行为的制度改革创新路径。

The Social Exchange Theory of George Casper Homes provides a general framework to analyze the problems of rational interaction and fair exchange for human beings.Its main meaning includes that exchange is the basic element for social integration,equal value exchange is a basic form for social communication,and psychological satisfaction of reward or utility is the main purpose for people’s rational action.Based on the perspective of the theory,this paper analyzes the action strategies in the interactive exchange between the Nail Households and the local governments in the process of land acquisition and demolition,such as the image of safeguarding rights,delaying tactics,leapfrog petitioning,media exposure,judicial proceedings,and then puts forward the following systems of reform and innovation:shaping the“down-looking”political ecological environment,balancing the rights and responsibilities for the subjects of land acquisition and demolition,establishing a fair compensation mechanism for social exchange and standardizing the behavior of the Nail Households and the local governments.