传染病强制医疗所致损害的救济体系构建研究

Research on the construction of remedy system for caused compulsory medical damage of communicable disease

传染病强制医疗造成的损害,不能简单的通过民事侵权诉讼予以救济。传染病强制医疗涉及患者个人权利与公众健康的平衡,其损害救济需要多方参与,即构建一套包含司法救济为基础、社会救济起重要作用、行政救济兜底的损害救济体系。司法救济解决传染病强制医疗过程中因为过错引发的损害,社会救济解决不因过错引发的损害或者受害者众多的情形,行政救济解决穷尽司法、社会救济后损害仍不能得到填补的情形。我国在食品安全、疫苗接种等方面的经验,对于构建该体系具有借鉴意义。

The damage caused by compulsory medical treatment of communicable disease cannot be remedied simply through civil tort lawsuits.Compulsory medical treatment of communicable disease involves the balance of patients’rights and public health,and multiple parties need to participate in the remedy.Therefore,it is necessary to build a damage relief system,which includes judicial relief playing the basic role,social relief playing an important role,and administrative relief playing the role of"reveal all the details".Judicial relief solves the damage,which is in the process of compulsory medical treatment of communicable disease and caused by fault.Social relief solves the damage,which is not caused by fault,and the situation where there are many victims.Administrative relief solves the situation,where the damage cannot be filled after taking judicial and social relief.The experience of China in food safety and vaccination has reference significance for the construction of the remedy system.