大学生体力活动特征及其影响因素分析——以湘西地区为例

Characteristics of Physical Activity of College Students and Its Influencing Factors:a Case Study of Western Hunan

目的了解大学生体力活动现状和影响大学生体力活动的因素,为改善大学生体力活动不足状况提供参考。方法采用《国际体力活动问卷(IPAQ)中文版》自填式问,分层整群随机抽取湘西地区3所本科院校大一至大四年级共1019名非体育专业的大学生进行横断面调查。结果湘西地区大学生职业、交通、家务体力活动均以中、小强度为主,休闲性运动锻炼以中、高强度为主;每周总体力活动代谢当量男生高于女生,低年级高于高年级学生,农村学生高于城市学生,均存在差异性(p<0.01);各单项体力活动代谢当量均存在性别和年级差异(p<0.01);体力活动活跃者占61.7%,适宜者占25.2%,体力活动不足者占13.1%,存在显著的性别、年龄、校区、年级、城乡差异(p<0.05);多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,男生(OR=0.562,p<0.001)为体力活动活跃的危险因素,校区为吉首大学(OR=0.623,p=0.017)和张家界学院(OR=1.241,p=0.035)为体力活动活跃的保护因素;居住地在城市(OR=2.781,p<0.001)为体力活动不足的危险因素,男生(OR=0.463,p<0.001)为体力活动不足的保护因素。结论湘西地区大学生体力活动水平较低,男生体力活动水平高于女生,居住地在城市的大学生是体力活动不足的高危人群,应加强其体力活动干预力度,增加中等强度以上体力活动时间。

Objective To understand the current situation of physical activity of college students and the influencing factors,so as to provide reference for improving the physical activity deficiency of college students.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1019 non physical education majors from grade 1 to grade 4 from 3 universities in Western Hunan Province by using self-administered questionnaire of international physical activity questionnaire(IPAQ).Results The physical activities of occupation,transportation and housework of college students in Western Hunan are mainly of medium and small intensity,while leisure sports are mainly of medium and high intensity.The metabolic equivalent of total physical activity of boys was higher than that of girls,lower grade students were higher than senior students,rural students were higher than urban students,there were differences(p<0.01).There were significant differences in gender and grade(p<0.01),and 61.7%,25.2%and 13.1%of the subjects were physically active,and there were significant differences in gender,age,campus,grade,urban and rural areas(p<0.05).Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that male students(OR=0.562,p<0.001)were the risk factors for physical activity,while Jishou University(OR=0.623,p=0.017)and Zhangjiajie University(OR=1.241,p=0.035)were the protective factors of physical activity.Residence in the city(OR=2.781,p<0.001)was the risk factor of physical activity deficiency,and boys(OR=0.463,p<0.001)was the protective factor.Conclusion The level of physical activity of college students in Western Hunan is relatively low.The level of physical activity of male students is higher than that of female students.College students living in cities are at high risk of insufficient physical activity.Therefore,it should strengthen the intervention of physical activity and increase the time of physical activity above medium intensity.