2016年-2018年金华市手足口病流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Jinhua from 2016 to 2018

目的了解近年来金华市手足口病的流行特征,为金华市手足口病的预防和控制提供理论依据。方法收集2016年-2018年金华市手足口病病例资料,同时运用实时荧光定量PCR技术对病例进行病原学检测,统计分析。结果 2016年-2018年金华市手足口病总阳性率为59.22%;手足口病的检测阳性率呈逐年下降的趋势(χ2=59.055,P<0.001),2018年的重症率比2016年(χ2=12.267,P<0.001)和2017年(χ2=6.460,P=0.011)有显著降低;发病时间有明显的季节性,阳性标本主要集中在4月-7月;不同性别、不同年龄段检测结果分布差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为17.181、78.633,P<0.05);EV71和CA6在2016年-2018年份中的构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为84.383、29.111,P<0.001)。结论 2016年-2018年金华市手足口病检测阳性率和重症率呈逐年下降趋势;时间分布上主要集中在4月-7月,好发于男性儿童,主要发病年龄段为0岁~3岁;3年的优势菌株均为其他型肠道病毒,但EV71的构成比逐年下降,CA6的构成比逐年上升。

Objective To learn the epidemiologic feature of hand-foot-mouth disease( HMFD) in Jinhua City during the recent years,and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of HMFD in Jinhua City.Methods Data of hand-foot-mouth disease( HFMD) cases in Jinhua City from 2016 to 2018 were collected.Meanwhile,real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology was used to conduct pathogenic detection of the cases and statistical analysis.Results The total positive rate of HMFD in Jinhua was 59.22% from 2016 to 2018,and the annual positive rate was decreased year by year( χ~2=59.055,P<0.001).The severe rate in 2018 was significantly lower than that in 2016( χ~2=12.267,P<0.001) and 2017( χ~2=6.460,P=0.011).The disease time had seasonality,and it mainly concentrated in April-July.The results were significantly different among different genders and different age groups( χ~2=17.181,χ~2=78.633,P<0.05).The difference in composition ratios of EV71 were statistically significant in 2016-2018( χ~2=84.383,χ~2=29.111,P<0.001).Conclusion From 2016 to 2018,the positive rate of hand foot and mouth disease( HFMD) and the severe rate in Jinhua City showed a downward trend year by year.The time distribution was mainly from April to July,mostly in male children,and the main age of onset was 0-3 years old.The dominant strains in the three years were all other enteroviruses,but the composition ratio of EV71 and CA6 decreased year by year.