广东省农业科学院水稻种质资源研究60年:成就与展望

Sixty Years’Researches on Rice Germplasm Resources of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences:Achievements and Prospects

稻种资源是水稻科学研究的重要物质基础。广东省农业科学院建院60年来,持续开展了稻种资源收集、保存、鉴定、创新和利用等工作,取得了可喜的成绩:已收集保存国内外栽培稻资源18800多份、野生稻资源5158份;研究建立了水稻种质中期库和野生稻圃,确保稻种资源长久安全保存和利用;系统开展了稻种资源农艺性状、抗病虫、抗逆性、品质等性状的鉴定评价,以及资源遗传多样性、分类、核心种质构建、基因挖掘等基础研究;开展种质创新和利用研究,育成大批优良品种应用于生产。据不完全统计,新中国成立以来,广东利用优异稻种资源选育水稻优良品种1000个以上,其中由广东省农业科学院水稻研究所育成、推广面积达66.67万hm2以上的品种有31个;“十五”以来向国内高校、科研机构等单位提供栽培稻、野生稻资源累计近6000份次,充分展现了种质资源公益性作用。但在国外资源引进、优异基因挖掘与利用等方面仍显不足。拟以需求和问题为导向,通过多学科、多组学相结合,统筹开展稻种资源各项研究工作,促使资源研究再上新的台阶。

Rice germplasm resources are the important material bases of rice scientific research.Since the founding of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences for 60 years,it has continuously carried out researches on the collection,preservation,identification,innovation and utilization of rice resources,and has made gratifying achievements.At present,more than 18800 cultivated rice resources at home and abroad and 5158 wild rice resources have been collected and preserved.A Medium-term Genebank of Rice Germplasm Resources and a Wild Rice Nursery have been established to ensure the long-term and safe preservation and utilization of rice germplasm resources.A series of basic researches have been carried out systematically,including the identification and evaluation of agronomic traits,disease and insect resistance,stress resistance and quality of rice resources,as well as genetic diversity,classification,core germplasm construction and gene mining.Moreover,the researches on germplasm innovation and utilization have been conducted,and a large number of excellent varieties were bred and applied to production.According to incomplete statistics,since the founding of the People's Republic of China,more than 1000 excellent rice varieties have been bred in Guangdong Province by using excellent rice germplasm resources,among which 31 varieties with an area of 66.67×104 hm2 have been bred and promoted by Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Since the 10th Five-year Plan,nearly 6000 cultivated rice and wild rice resources have been provided to domestic colleges,scientific research institutions and other institutions,fully demonstrating the public welfare role of germplasm resources.However,it is still insufficient in the introduction of foreign resources and the exploitation and utilization of excellent genes.In the future,the researches on rice germplasm resources will be carried out in a comprehensive way through the combination of multidisciplinary and multi-omics based on the industry and problem-oriented demands,promoting rice germplasm resource research to a new level.