广东柑橘品种改良研究进展

Progress of Citrus Variety Improvement in Guangdong

我国是重要的柑橘原产地之一,现有栽培面积和产量居世界首位。广东的气候和地理条件非常适宜柑橘生产,栽培历史悠久,主栽品种多为地方品种,产业特色明显,产业规模居全国前列。然而,目前柑橘生产上存在主栽品种品质退化、成熟期集中、品种结构不甚合理、品种改良滞后等问题,制约着广东柑橘产业健康发展。广东柑橘种质资源丰富,开展种质资源多样性分析评价,综合运用常规育种方法与生物技术手段,培育高产、抗逆、不同成熟期的优质新品种,是新时期广东柑橘产业持续稳定发展的基础。据不完全统计,广东共选育出金葵蜜橘、无籽砂糖橘、少核贡柑等33个柑橘新品种,品种不断更新换代,为全省柑橘产业发展和品种结构调整提供了有力支撑。回顾了广东柑橘产区分布情况和品种结构调整概况,介绍了广东柑橘种质资源多样性以及柑橘品种改良的主要方法,总结了广东柑橘新品种选育成绩,提出了广东柑橘品种改良中的存在问题,并进一步探讨了今后广东柑橘品种改良的方向。

China is one of the original countries of citrus,and it also has the largest growing area and fruit production in the world.Within China,the province of Guangdong is one of the main citrus-producing areas,which has a long cultivating history and many of its cultivating varieties are native varieties.Based on the suitable climatic condition and abundant native varieties,Guangdong has made many great progresses in citrus industry boosting both its citrus planting area and production to rank at the top of the whole country.However,to further develop the citrus industry in Guangdong still has to face many challenges including variety degeneration,concentrated collecting time,unreasonable variety structure,the lagging behind of breeding have handicapped the development of citrus industry.The comprehensive analysis and evaluation of germplasm diversity,the combination usage of conventional and modern breeding techniques,and the breeding of new varieties with high yield,good quality,stress resistance and different ripening stages,are basically important to keep the citrus industry healthy and sustainable.In recent years,a total of 33 cultivars,such as Jinkuimi tangerine,Wuzishatangju,and Shaohegonggan,have been selected and bred,thus,the renewal of varieties has offered powerful support for the development of citrus industry in Guangdong.This paper briefly introduce the distribution of citrus-producing areas,the adjustment of variety structure of citrus industry,the germplasm diversity,and the main methods of citrus breeding in Guangdong.Meanwhile,we list the achievements and existing problems of the variety selection of citrus,and discuss the technology and the key directions for citrus variety improvement in Guangdong.