摘要
对近30年来国内外荔枝害虫防治技术研究情况进行全面总结和梳理:监测预警技术主要用于对荔枝蒂蛀虫、荔枝蝽和鳞翅目食叶害虫防治适期的预测;农业防治措施主要有间伐疏植、回缩修剪、严控冬梢、清理落果、果园生草和间种豆科作物等;生物防治技术包括释放天敌昆虫和施用生物农药等,人工释放平腹小蜂防治荔枝蝽是目前荔枝上较为成功的“以虫治虫”例子,B.t.和绿僵菌制剂等生物农药对荔枝鳞翅目食叶害虫低龄幼虫有一定的防效;物理防治技术包括色诱、性诱、灯光诱杀和干扰等;化学防治仍是目前防治荔枝害虫最重要的手段,但正式登记的只有拟除虫菊酯类、有机磷类和除虫脲等药剂,而防效更好的甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻虫胺等药剂尚有待登记。根据多年研究积累和实践经验,提出在荔枝开花前和谢花后各施药1次以防治多种害虫为害或压低虫口基数;释放平腹小蜂防治荔枝蝽以减少农药使用次数;对于荔枝蒂蛀虫要贯彻“兼前-抓中-控后”和“成虫、卵和初孵幼虫一起杀”的防控策略,在幼果期通过预测预报确定其防治适期可提高防效和减少施药次数;果实及时采收、采后及时修剪,保秋梢、控冬梢和冬季清园等措施都有助于压低虫口基数。
The researches on litchi pest control technologies at home and abroad are comprehensively summarized.Monitoring and warning technology is mainly used to predict the appropriate period for control of Conopomorpha sinensis,Tessaratoma papillosa and lepidoptera leaf insect pest.Agricultural control measures mainly include thinning,pruning,winter shoots control,deciduous fruits clearing,raw grasses in orchards and interplanting leguminous crops,etc.Biological control technologies include the release of natural enemies and the application of biological pesticides,etc.The artificial release of Anastatus japonicas to control T.papillosa is a successful example of“controlling insect by insect”in litchi orchards at present.And B.t.and Mearhizium anisopliae formulation have certain control effect on low instar larvae of lepidoptera leaf insect pest.Physical control techniques include color inducement,pheromone lure,light trap or interference.At present,chemical control is still the most important method to control litchi pests,but only pyrethroids,organophosphates and diflubenzuron have been officially registered in China,while methylamabamectin benzoate,chloramphenicol benzamide and thiamethoxam,which are more effective,have not yet been registered.Based on years of research and practical experience,it is proposed that it is necessary to apply pesticides(chemical control)both before and after flowering to control various insect pests or reduce the initial population number;to release Anastatus japonicas for controlling T.papillosa to reduce pesticide use;The strategies for control of C.sinensis-“precaution,mid-grasping and postcontrolling”and“killing the adult,the egg and the newly hatched larvae together”shall be implemented.In young fruit stage,it can improve the control effect and reduce the frequency of pesticide application by predicting the appropriate period of prevention and control.Measures such as timely harvest of fruits,prompt pruning after harvest,preservation of autumn shoots,control of winter shoots and winter garden clearance are conducive to reducing the initial population number.
作者
陈炳旭
董易之
李文景
全林发
姚琼
徐淑
池艳艳
CHEN Bingxu;DONG Yizhi;LI Wenjing;QUAN Linfa;YAO Qiong;XU Shu;CHI Yanyan(Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection,Guangzhou 510640,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2020年第11期103-113,共11页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家现代农业(荔枝龙眼)产业技术体系项目(CARS-32-12)
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0202100)。
关键词
荔枝害虫
防治技术
监测预警
综合治理
生物防治
litchi pest
control technique
prediction and monitoring
IPM
biological control