鸡球虫病流行病学、防治药物与疫苗研究进展

Research Progress in the Epidemiology,Anticoccidial Drugs and Vaccines of Avian Coccidiosis

家禽养殖业是畜牧业的基础性产业,我国家禽年出栏量达146亿羽,约占全球养殖量的22%,而鸡球虫病是一种严重危害养禽业健康发展的寄生性原虫病,每年给养鸡业造成巨大的经济损失。该病由一种或多种艾美耳球虫寄生于鸡肠道粘膜上皮细胞引起,可导致大量肠上皮细胞受损、出血甚至死亡。近70年来,国内外学者一直致力于鸡球虫病防治药物和疫苗的研制,传统的抗球虫药物有聚醚类离子载体抗生素和化学合成类药物,传统的鸡球虫病疫苗有强毒活卵囊疫苗和弱毒活卵囊疫苗。近年来,新药与新型疫苗研发技术平台不断发展,为新型抗球虫药物(天然产物药物)和新型疫苗(亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗和活载体疫苗等)的研制提供新的手段和思路。结合鸡球虫病流行病学、防治药物等方面的研究概况,重点阐述抗球虫药物与鸡球虫病疫苗研发等方面的研究进展,以期为鸡球虫病的综合防控提供理论依据。

Poultry breeding industry is a fundamental part of the animal industry.The annual poultry production in China accounts for roughly 22%of global poultry production,with nearly 14.6 billion chickens every year.Avian coccidiosis is a parasitic protozoal disease which seriously damages the healthy development of poultry industry,causing massive economic losses in poultry industry each year.Caused by one or several species of Eimeria spp.parasitizing in mucosal epithelial cells of intestines of chickens,such disease causes severe necrosis,haemorrhage of the intestinal mucosa,and even results in death.In the past 70 years,scholars at home and abroad have been committed to the development of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines against avian coccidiosis.The traditional anticoccidials drugs include polyether ionophores and synthetic compounds,and traditional vaccines include nonattenuated and attenuated live vaccines.In recent years,with the rapid development of technology platforms for new drugs and vaccines development,which provided new means and ideas for the preparation of new anticoccidial drugs,such as natural products,and new vaccines against coccidiosis,such as subunit vaccine,DNA vaccine and live vector vaccine.This review briefly described the research situation of the epidemiology,anticoccidial drugs,with an emphasis on the research progress in development of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines against coccidiosis,which could provide references for the comprehensive control of coccidiosis.