论两宋时期的生态整体主义美学观——对理学美学的再认识

On the Aesthetic View of Ecological Holism in the Song Dynasty:A New Appreciation of the Aesthetics of Neo-Confucianism

宋代理学美学坚持万物一体、人物并生的理念,视人与自然万物为有机的生态整体,倡导自然生命的多样性与平等性,将道德关怀的范围由人类自身延伸到宇宙生态系统中的所有生命体,彰显了强烈的自我超越意识。理学美学家追求中庸和谐之美,主张通过维持人类社会这一子系统的和谐稳定以促进宇宙整体的有效运转,倡导培植圣贤气象、主动承担惜生爱物、维护宇宙和谐稳定的道德义务。这样,理学美学将对自然之美、艺术之美的追求与道德之美结合在一起,构建起了“天文”“地文”“人文”相协合、相统一的生态审美系统,本质上它是一种蕴含着东方智慧的生态整体主义美学观。

The aesthetics of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty insists that all things are an integral totality and human beings co-exist and co-flourish with other creatures.It advocates the diversity and equality of all living things,and calls for an extension of moral care to all life in the universe,exhibiting a strong element of self-transcendence.Neo-Confucians pursue the beauty of the Golden Mean and harmony,look to promoting the effective operation of the universe by maintaining the harmony and stability of human society,and likewise entrust these virtues in the cultivation of the sage,making it a moral obligation to cherish life and to maintain the balance of the universe.In this way,the patterns of Heaven,Earth,and Humanity are coordinated and integrated,giving rise to the unique ecological New-Confucian aesthetics and featuring the holistic wisdom of the East.